Hearing And Skeletal

Question 1

auditory system consist of

Answer 1

ears and cochlea

Question 2

vestibular system consist of

Answer 2

semicircular canals and otolith organs

Question 3

auditory pathway

Answer 3

vestibular cochlea n. -> cochlea nuclei -> tranvserse temporal gyri

Question 4

vestibular pathway

Answer 4

vestibulo cochlea n -> vestibular nuclei -> post. depth of sylvian fissure

Question 5

sound waves consist of

Answer 5

compressions and depressions

Question 6

whats a pure tone

Answer 6

a sinusoidal wave at fixed freq

Question 7

speed of sound is at

Answer 7

335m/s

Question 8

sound pressure is also called as

Answer 8

decibel

Question 9

pure tone in human is at

Answer 9

20-20000 hz

Question 10

lowest threshold is at 3000 hz

Answer 10

at 3000 hz

Question 11

refernce freq is at

Answer 11

1000hz

Question 12

normal speech is at

Answer 12

300 - 3500 hz

Question 13

permanent damage to the auditory apparatus is at

Answer 13

more than 120 db

Question 14

presbycusis is

Answer 14

a condition of hearing loss (higher threshold level)

Question 15

resonant freq of the external ear is at

Answer 15

3500 hz

Question 16

what is a bone conduction headphone

Answer 16

a headphoen that allows the sound to travel via conducted vibrations

Question 17

middle ear pathway

Answer 17

in through the oval hole(oval window), out through the round hole (round window)

Question 18

impedence matching device does what

Answer 18

increase the efficiency of energy transfer by 30db

Question 19

what is an acoustic reflex

Answer 19

when the ear muscle pulls the bones in the ossicle apart to lessen the vibration

Question 20

the name of the m. of acoustic reflex

Answer 20

stapedius and tensor tympani

Question 21

the inner eat consist of

Answer 21

bony and membrous labyrinth, cochlea and vestibular apparatus

Question 22

what is a cochlea

Answer 22

a spiral shaped organ with a bony core called modiolus

Question 23

what organ is used for sound transduction

Answer 23

The cilia

Question 24

what are perilymph and endolymph

Answer 24

they ar fluids that fill in the structure

Question 25

hair cell restign potential is at

Answer 25

-60mv

Question 26

what are tip links

Answer 26

a mechanotransductor at the top of the cilia

Question 27

positive mechanical deformation allows

Answer 27

the movign towards the kinocilium, the opening of the stereocilia and allow the movement of the ions

Question 28

negative mechanical deformation allows

Answer 28

the moving away from the kinocilium to close the channel

Question 29

where does the peripheral processes end

Answer 29

at the hair cells

Question 30

where does the central processes end

Answer 30

at the cochlea nuclei

Question 31

types of hearing loss

Answer 31

sensorineural and conductive

Question 32

What is auditory test

Answer 32

audiometry

Question 33

semicircular canals function

Answer 33

for balance

Question 34

otolith organs consist of

Answer 34

saccule (verticle) and utricle (horizontal)

Question 35

otolith function

Answer 35

sense gravity and linear acceleration

Question 36

otolith contains

Answer 36

CACO3 crystals

Question 37

the hair in the otolith are diected via

Answer 37

striola

Question 38

what causes meniere's disease

Answer 38

unproper reguation of the enolymph

Question 39

conditions of the meniere's

Answer 39

dizziness, progressive hearing loss and vertigo

Question 40

Skeletal muscles are connected to bones by

Answer 40

Tendons

Question 41

Skeletal muscles are composed of hundreds to thousands of individual cells called

Answer 41

Sarcomeres

Question 42

The term motor unit refers to

Answer 42

One motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates

Question 43

The motor neuron and muscle fiber intersect at what is called

Answer 43

The neuromuscular junction

Question 44

A twitch is

Answer 44

One contractile response to a single action potential.

Question 45

An action potential in a motor neuron triggers the release of which neurotransmitter

Answer 45

Acetylcholine

Question 46

The graded depolarization in the skeletal muscle fiber that is elicited in response to one action potential from the motor neuron is called

Answer 46

A threshold potential

Question 47

Which of the following is not a phase of a skeletal muscle twitch

Answer 47

Hyperpolarization phase

Question 48

Which of the following correctly matches the twitch phase with its definition

Answer 48

The contraction phase: the time between an action potential in a muscle cell and the start of muscle tension

Question 49

Skeletal muscle fibers are innervated (stimulated) by

Answer 49

Motor neurons

Question 50

A single action potential propagating down a motor axon results in

Answer 50

a single action potential and a single contractile event in the muscle fibers it innervates

Question 51

In resting skeletal muscle, calcium is stored in

Answer 51

The sarcoplasmic reticulum