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NPTE Cardio and Lymph > Heart and Circulation > Flashcards

Heart and Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Pericardium

A

fibrous protective sac enclosing the heart

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2
Q

Epicardium

A

inner layer of pericardium

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3
Q

Myocardium

A

heart muscle

major portion of the heart

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4
Q

Endocardium

A

smooth lining of the inner surface and cavities of the heart

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5
Q

Right atrium receives blood from

A

systemic circulation

from SVC and IVC

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6
Q

Right ventricle receives blood from

A

RA and pumps blood via pulmonary artery to the lungs for oxygenation
low pressure pulmonary pump

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7
Q

Left atrium receives blood from

A

oxygenated blood from lungs and four pulmonary veins

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8
Q

Left ventricle receives blood from

A

LA and pumps blood via aorta throughout the entire systemic circulation
high pressure system pump

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9
Q

Valves provide

A

one way flow of blood

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10
Q

AV valves prevent

A

backflow of blood into atria during ventricular systole
anchored by chordae tendinae to papillary mm
valves close when ventricular walls contract

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11
Q

AV valves are what

A

Tricuspid - RIGHT

Mitral or Bicuspid - LEFT

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12
Q

Semilunar valves are what

A

Pulmonary valve - prevents RIGHT backflow

Aortic valve - prevents LEFT backflor

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13
Q

Semilunar valves prevent

A

backflow of blood from aorta and pulmonary arteries into ventricles during diastole

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14
Q

Systole is the period of

A

ventricular contraction

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15
Q

Systolic volume is the amount of blood in

A

the ventricles after systole

about 50 mL

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16
Q

Diastole is the period of

A

ventricular relaxation and filling of blood

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17
Q

End diastolic volume is the amount of blood in

A

the ventricles after diasole

about 120 mL

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18
Q

Atrial contraction (atrial kick) happens when

A

during the last third of diastole and completes ventricular filling
comprising last 20-30% of end diastolic volume

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19
Q

Arteries - arise from

A

directly from aorta near aortic valve

blood circulates to myocardium during diastole

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20
Q

Right coronary artery supplies what

A 
right atrium
most of right ventricle
inferior wall of the left ventricle 
AV node and bundle of his 
SA node 60% of the time
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21
Q

Left coronary artery supplies what

A

most of left ventricle

TWO MAIN DIVISIONS - left anterior descending and circumflex

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22
Q

LCA - Left anterior descending supplies

A

left ventricle
IV septum
Inferior areas of apex

23
Q

LCA - circumflex supplies blood to the

A

lateral and inferior wall of left ventricle
portions of left atrium
SA node 40$ of time

24
Q

Veins - the coronary sinus receives venous blood from ___ and empties into ___

A

Receives from heart

Empties into RA

25
SA node is located where
at junction of SVC and RA
26
Main pacemaker of the heart is what
SA node | initiates the impulse at rate of 60-100 bpm
27
SA node has what kind of innervation
sympathetic and parasympathetic | affecting both HR and strength of contraction
28
AV node is located where
at junction of RA and RV
29
AV node innervation
sympathetic and parasympathetic
30
AV node - intrinsic firing rate of
40-60 bpm
31
AV nodes merges with what
Bundle of His
32
Right and left bundle branches of the AV node are located
on either side of interventricular septum Terminate in purkinje fibers Intrinsic firing of 20-40 bpm
33
Myocardial muscle tissue is
striated mm fibers with numerous mitochondria rhythmicity of contraction fibers contract as a functional unit
34
Myocardial metabolism is
aerobic sustained by continuous O2 delivery from coronary arteries
35
Stroke volume
the amount of blood ejected with each myocardial contraction | 55-100 mL/beat
36
Stroke volume is influenced by
Left ventricular end diastolic volume Contractility Afterload
37
Stroke volume is influenced by - Left ventricular end diastolic volume
the amount of blood left in the ventricle at the end of diastole (AKA preload)
38
Stroke volume is influenced by - contractility
the ability of the ventricle to contract
39
Stroke volume is influenced by - afterload
the force the LV must generate during systole to overcome aortic pressure to open the aortic valve
40
Cardiac output
the amount of blood discharged from the left or right ventricle per minute 4-5 L per minute
41
CO is determined by
HR x SV
42
Cardiac index is
CO divided by body surface area | 2.5-3.5 L/min
43
Left ventricular end diastolic volume
pressure in the LV during diastole | 5-12 mmHg
44
Ejection fraction
percentage of blood emptied from ventricle during systole | Useful measure of LV function
45
Calculating EF
SV/left ventricular end diastolic volume
46
EF norm
more than 55% | the lower it is, the more impaired the LV
47
Atrial filling pressure
the difference between the venous and arterial pressures
48
Right atrial filling pressure is affected by
changes in intrathoracic pressure Decreased with inspiration Increased with forced expiration
49
Right atrial filling pressure is decreased during
strong ventricular contraction and atrial filling is enhanced
50
Venous return increases when ___ and decreases with what
Increases when blood volume expands | Decreases during hypovolemic shock
51
Diastolic filling time decreases with
increased HR and with heart disease
52
Myocardial oxygen demand (MVO2) represents
the energy cost to the myocardium
53
Myocardial oxygen demand is clinically measured how
HR x SBP | Known as rate pressure produce (RPP)
54
Myocardial oxygen demand increases with
activity and with HR and/or BP

NPTE Cardio and Lymph (9 decks)

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