Heart Diseases

Question 1

LV wall thickness

Answer 1

1.5 cm

Question 2

RV wall thickness

Answer 2

0.5cm

Question 3

Atrial thickness

Answer 3

0.2 both

Question 4

Wall thickness is a function of

Answer 4

Pressure

Question 5

In chronic HTN the RV wall thickness can reach

Answer 5

1.5cm

Question 6

Atrial hypertrophy is

Answer 6

Rare

Question 7

Hear mass increased can be due to

Answer 7

Dilation or hypertrophy

Question 8

The myocardium is a type of

Answer 8

Syncytium

Question 9

Histological the only different tissue of the heart is the

Answer 9

Conduction system

Question 10

The coronary circulation is

Answer 10

A net of vessels surrounding the heart
It is a terminal circulation, NO COLLATERAL FLOWS
Infractions are usually white

Question 11

3 consequences of cardiac aging

Answer 11

Calcifications- common
Deposition of fat
**glycogen accumulation within myocytes

Question 12

Congestive heart failure cause by

Answer 12

P overload

Or

P & V overload

Question 13

Right sided heart failure- consequences

Answer 13

Maybe be cause by any pulmonary disease- parenchyma or vascular
Consequences

Upstream- liver- cardiac cirrhosis

Question 14

Tricuspid valve circumference

Answer 14

13cm

Question 15

Mitral (bicuspid) valve circumference

Answer 15

11cm

Question 16

Pulmonary valve circumference

Answer 16

8cm

Question 17

Aortic valve circumference

Answer 17

6cm

Question 18

Dominance of the coronary circulation defined by

Answer 18

Origin of the posterior descending artery
Right- normal , more common
Left- rare, uncommon

Question 19

CHF

Answer 19

Congestive aka chronic HF
Common
Progressive
High morbidity& mortality, poor prognosis

Heart unable to pump blood at rate sufficient for the body’s metabolic demand —> compensatory mech activation —> cause MORE damage

Question 20

CHF generally results in

Answer 20

Chronic work overload

OR

Acute hemodynamic stress: AMI / acute valvular dysfunction

Question 21

Hypertrophy- histology

Answer 21

Increased cell size
Increased nuclear size
* interstitial fibrosis

Question 22

Compensatory mechanisms in the development of CHF

Answer 22

Hypertrophy & dilation characterized by

• increased heart size and mass
• increased protein syn
• induction of immediate early genes
• induction of fetal gene program
• abnormal proteins
• fibrosis
• inadequate vasculature

Question 23

Cardiac dysfunction in CHF us characterized by

Answer 23

• HF (systolic / diastolic)
• arrhythmias
• neurohumoral stimulation

Question 24

CHF is generally the result of

Answer 24

HTN- P overload
Or
Valvular disease- P or P&V overload
Or
MI- regional dysfunction with V overload

Question 25

Normal lung weight (subject related to PE)

Answer 25

350gr

Question 26

Normal heart weight

Answer 26

250-300gr

Question 27

Interventricular septum thickness

Answer 27

1.5cm like LV

Question 28

Tigger of acute plaque complications in coronary syndromes is usually

Answer 28

Inflammation

Question 29

Acute coronary syndromes

Answer 29

The appearance of complications in a previously STABLE plaque

Question 30

Contraction bands (MI)

Answer 30

Intensely eosinophilic IC stripes of closely packed sarcomeres- the result of exaggerated contraction of survivor myofibrils when perfusion is re-established Contractile fibers are restored, they stretch the unfunctional fibers, causing the appearance of eosinophilic IC stripes

Question 31

Pan carditis

Answer 31

The acute phase of rheumatic heart disease

Question 32

Myxomatosis

Answer 32

Rich in ground substance and GAGs