Heart Ext Features And Circulation

Question 1

What are the three main surfaces of the heart?

Answer 1

Sternocostal (anterior), diaphragmatic (inferior), and pulmonary (left).

Question 2

Which chamber of the heart forms the apex?

Answer 2

Left ventricle.

Question 3

What structure separates the atria from the ventricles externally?

Answer 3

Coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove).

Question 4

What groove is located between the right and left ventricles on the anterior surface?

Answer 4

Anterior interventricular sulcus.

Question 5

What groove is located between the right and left ventricles on the posterior surface?

Answer 5

Posterior interventricular sulcus.

Question 6

Which chamber of the heart forms most of the sternocostal (anterior) surface?

Answer 6

Right ventricle.

Question 7

Which chamber forms most of the diaphragmatic (inferior) surface?

Answer 7

Left ventricle.

Question 8

What part of the heart is most posterior?

Answer 8

Left atrium.

Question 9

Which major vessels enter the right atrium?

Answer 9

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.

Question 10

What is the function of the auricles of the heart?

Answer 10

They serve as small reservoirs that increase atrial volume.

Question 12

What are the two main coronary arteries?

Answer 12

Right coronary artery (RCA) and left coronary artery (LCA).

Question 13

What does the right coronary artery (RCA) supply?

Answer 13

Right atrium, right ventricle, SA node (in 60% of people), AV node (in 80% of people).

Question 14

What are the major branches of the RCA?

Answer 14

SA nodal artery, right marginal artery, posterior interventricular artery (PDA).

Question 15

What does the left coronary artery (LCA) supply?

Answer 15

Left atrium, left ventricle, interventricular septum, part of the right ventricle.

Question 16

What are the major branches of the LCA?

Answer 16

Left anterior descending (LAD) artery, circumflex artery.

Question 17

Which artery is commonly involved in myocardial infarction?

Answer 17

Left anterior descending (LAD) artery.

Question 18

What is coronary artery dominance?

Answer 18

Determined by which artery gives rise to the posterior interventricular artery (PDA).

Question 19

What is right-dominant circulation?

Answer 19

Posterior interventricular artery (PDA) arises from the RCA (85% of cases).

Question 20

What is left-dominant circulation?

Answer 20

Posterior interventricular artery (PDA) arises from the LCA (8% of cases).

Question 21

What is codominant circulation?

Answer 21

Posterior interventricular artery (PDA) arises from both RCA and LCA (7% of cases).

Question 22

What is the function of the coronary sinus?

Answer 22

Drains most of the venous blood from the heart into the right atrium.

Question 23

Which veins drain into the coronary sinus?

Answer 23

Great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein.

Question 24

Where does the great cardiac vein run?

Answer 24

Alongside the left anterior descending (LAD) artery in the anterior interventricular sulcus.

Question 25

Where does the middle cardiac vein run?

Answer 25

Alongside the posterior interventricular artery in the posterior interventricular sulcus.

Question 26

Where does the small cardiac vein run?

Answer 26

Alongside the right marginal artery.

Question 27

What is the significance of coronary collateral circulation?

Answer 27

Provides alternative blood supply to ischemic regions in case of arterial blockage.

Question 28

Which vessels contribute to coronary collateral circulation?

Answer 28

Branches between LAD and posterior interventricular artery; between RCA and circumflex artery.