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Flashcards in Heart Failure Deck (8)
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1
Q

What is heart failure

A

When the heart is unable to generate a adequate cardiac output causing inadequate perfusion of tissues which is systolic heart failure. Diastolic heart failure is the inability for ventricles to expand

2
Q

Etiology

A

Ischemic heart disease- repeated episodes of coronary ischemia lead to multiple MI that affects different area since infarction is permanent damage into many permanent damage is bad

COPD causes right ventricle not to work because COPD leads to a fox you these two construction of pulmonary arteries lease to pulmonary hypertension so Raven is your goal post harder to get blood it’s a pulmonary circulation which then gets tired . Then left side failure happen

3
Q

What is stroke volume effected by

A

Preload- amount of blood that enters RA

Afterload- amount of resistance that ventricles must overcome to pump blood out

4
Q

What influence stroke volume

A

Cardiac contraction th- ability to stretch
Inotropic- force of contraction increase by the sympathetic respond
Chronotropic- refers to heart rate so meds can bring it down

5
Q

Starling capillary forces law of the capillaries

A

Fluid movement is determined by the hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure. Hydrostatic pressure push fluid out and osmotic push fluids the interstitial fluid which is in between. Nutrients and oxygen gets pulled out arterial and Venus pull in waste products. So increase hydrostatic increases blood volume coming at the intestinal fluid

6
Q

What is endothelin

A

Peptide Release from endothelial cells which increase resistance, stimulate vasoconstriction and causes fibrotic change that is part of remodeling

7
Q

What does nitric oxide do

A

Potent vasodilator by vascular endothelial cells that brings BP down

8
Q

Effects of tumor necrosis factor

A

Increase in TNF alpha which is pro inflammatory increases hypertrophy, apoptosis and fibrotic changes in endothelium which affect hearts inatropic action which leads to dilation of ventricle with decrease cardiac output