Heart I

Question 1

The heart and blood vessels compose the ________ system.

Answer 1

Cardiovascular

Question 2

What is the pulmonary circuit of the heart?

Answer 2

Right side of the heart- Supplies alveoli (in lungs) with venous blood

Question 3

What is the systemic circuit?

Answer 3

Left side of heart- Supplies tissues/organs with oxygenated blood

Question 4

What do we call a blood vessel leaving the heart?

Answer 4

Artery

Question 5

What does each atrium have?

Answer 5

Auricle (dog ear)

Question 6

Where are the apex and base of the heart?

Answer 6

Apex is inferior; base is superior

Question 7

What is the interventricular sulcus?

Answer 7

A depression, both ant. and pos. with fat and coronary vessels

Question 8

What is the coronary sulcus?

Answer 8

Goes all the way around, separating the atria from the ventricles, contains fat and coronary vessels

Question 9

Why is there fat in the sulci?

Answer 9

For protection

Question 10

Name the sulci on the heart

Answer 10

Coronary sulcus
Anterior Interventricular sulcus
Posterior Interventricular sulcus

Question 11

Name the septa in the heart

Answer 11

Interatrial septum

Interventricular septum

Question 12

What does the interatrial septum do?

Answer 12

Separates the atria from each other

Question 13

What does the inter ventricular septum do?

Answer 13

Separates ventricles from each other

Question 14

What are the two fetal bypasses in the heart?

Answer 14

Foramen ovale

Ductus arteriosus

Question 15

What happens to the foramen ovale?

Answer 15

Turns to fossa ovalis- found between atria

A small depression in the adult right atrium

Question 16

What happens to the ductus arteriosus?

Answer 16

Turns to ligamentum arteriosum- found between pulmonary trunk and the aorta

Question 17

How does blood enter the right atrium?

Answer 17

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus (blood from heart muscle)

Question 18

Where does blood leave the heart to?

Answer 18

Aorta (to body) and the pulmonary trunk (to lungs via pulmonary arteries)

Question 19

Why does the heart have valves? At a basic level, how do they work?

Answer 19

Do not want backflow of blood, needs to flow in one direction. They open and close in response to changes on blood pressure on either side

Question 20

What are the 2 types of valves?

Answer 20

AV valves- atrioventricular valves

SL valves- semi lunar valves

Question 21

What do AV valves separate?

Answer 21

Artia and ventricle

Question 22

What are the two AV valves, what are they called?

Answer 22

Right side- Tricuspid valve (3 cusps)

Left side- Bicuspid or mitral valve

Question 23

Valve cusps are attached to _______ _______ which are controlled by _______ muscles.

Answer 23

chordae tendineae

papillary

Question 24

What is the other name for chordae tendineae?

Answer 24

Heartstrings

Question 25

What are papillary muscles?

Answer 25

Small cone-shaped muscles

Question 26

What keeps an AV valve from inverting?

Answer 26

The cusp-chordae tendineae- papillary muscle assembly

Question 27

Describe the SL valves

Answer 27

2 half-moon cusps (no “strings” attached) | They “poof” out when blood tries to go back

Question 28

Name the SL valves

Answer 28

Aortic semilunar | Pulmonary semilunar

Question 29

What does the aortic SL valve do?

Answer 29

Keeps blood from returning from aorta

Question 30

What does the pulmonary SL valve do?

Answer 30

Keeps blood from returning from the pulmonary trunk

Question 31

What is the shortest circulation in the body? | What does it do?

Answer 31

Coronary circulation | Supplies blood to the heart

Question 32

What does the left coronary artery split into?

Answer 32

Anterior interventricular artery (named for its sulcus) | Circumflex artery- Goes around

Question 33

What does the right coronary artery split into?

Answer 33

Posterior interventricular artery | Marginal artery

Question 34

What is the coronary sinus?

Answer 34

Venous blood drains into (to right atrium)

Question 35

What is the name for the connection of 2 arteries?

Answer 35

anastomosis

Question 36

What is an example of an anastomosis?

Answer 36

The anterior interventricular artery joins the posterior interventricular artery around the apex area.