How much of blood is Plasma?
55%
Define
Erythrocytes
Red Blood Cells
Define
Leukocytes
White Blood Cells
Define
Thrombocytes
Platelets
Where does Production of RBC’s occur?
Within stems cells inside bone marrow
What is Hematocrit?
Proportion of RBC’s in the blood
What is the function of WBC’s?
Provides immunity against foreign invaders
What is the function of Platelets?
Initial clot forming after an injury
Define
Hemostasis
The process of hemorrhage control within the body
Where are Clotting Factors produced?
Liver
What is the function of the Spleen?
- Filters RBC’s
- Produce lymphocytes
Describe the ABO System of blood
What is the Clotting Cascade?
The body’s pathway to form fibrin
What are Coagulopathies?
Bleeding Disorders
What is
Sickle Cell Disease
Sickle shaped RBC’s make poor carriers for oxygen
What is
Aplastic Crisis
Body stops production of RBC’s
What is
Hemolytic Crisis
Acute RBC destruction
What is
Splenic Sequestration Crisis
Painful, acute enlargement of spleen
Caused by sickle cells within the spleen blocking blood from leaving the spleen
Define
Anemia
Hemoglobin or RBC level lower than normal
Signs/Symptoms
Iron Deficiency Anemia
- SOB
- Fatigue
- Weakness
What is
Leukemia
Abnormal or excessive production of WBC’s
Type of cancer of the lymphoid system
What are
Lymphomas
Malignant diseases that arise in the Lymphoid System
2 Types:
Non-Hodkin
Hodgkin
What is the difference between Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma?
Non-Hodgkin:
- Arises anywhere in the body
- Older diagnosis
- More prevalent
Hodgkin:
- Arise in the neck, armpit and chest
- Younger diagnosis
- Not as common
Define
Polycythemia
Over abundance of RBC’s
Typical in CHF or Hypertension
What is
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
A condition that causes excessive bleeding and hemorrhage due to loss of clotting factors
What clotting factors are involved in Hemophilia?
VIII and IX
What is
Multiple Myeloma
Increased production of Plasma Cells form tumors in the bones
What is
Transfusion-Related Lung Injury
(TRALI)
Pulmonary edema post blood transfusion
List possible transfusion reactions
- Hemolytic
- Febrile
- Allergic
- Transfusion-Related Lung Injury
- Circulatory Overload
- Infection
Define
Allergen
Substances that produces an allergic response
Define
Antibody
Protein produced from an antigen
Define
Antigen
Foreign substance that produces an immune response
What is
Lupus
Multisystem Auto Immune Disease
What is
Scleroderma
Autoimmune disease that causes hardening of connective tissues
What is
Cellular Immunity
Production of special WBC’s to defend against invaders
What is
Humoral Immunity
Production of antibodies that attack invading organisms
Name the 4 Routes of Entry for allergens
- Injection
- Absorption
- Inhalation
- Ingestion
What is
Acquired Immunity
Vaccine administration makes the body produce antibodies WITHOUT experiencing the disease
What is
Natural Immunity
The body is affected by a virus and builds its own immunity to future invasions