Henry VII foreign policy

Question 1

when was the French invasion of Brittany

Answer 1

1487

Question 2

when did parliament grant Henry extraordinary taxation for an invasion of France

Answer 2

1489

Question 3

When was the Treaty of Redon and what did it do

Answer 3

1489
Duchess Anne (Brittany) agreed to pay for a small English army to defend Brittany from the French

Question 4

What happened when the French invaded Brittany

Answer 4

Anne (Duchess of Brittany) surrendered to France and married Charles VIII
leaving the English army marooned in Brittany

Question 5

When did Henry invade France

Answer 5

1492

Question 6

what did the English invasion of France lead to

Answer 6

Treaty of Etaples

Question 7

When was the treaty of Etaples and what did it lead to

Answer 7

1492
Charles VIII withdraw his support for Perkin Warbeck
Charles would pay Henry a pension of £5000 a year to compensate him for raising an army to invade France

Question 8

Why was Scotland a threat

Answer 8

James IV offered support to Perkin Warbeck and the 2 countries had a long term rivalry

Question 9

What did Scotland provide to Perkin Warbeck

Answer 9

2 years in the Scottish court
A pension form the king and an aristocratic marriage to Lady Catherine Gordon (James IVs cousin)

Question 10

What did James IV do in 1496

Answer 10

encourage Warbeck to cross the border

Question 11

What happened in Warbeck’s invasion from Scotland

Answer 11

his army gathered little support so had to retreat

Question 12

when did henry invade Scotland

Answer 12

1496

Question 13

What did the English counter invasion into Scotland cause

Answer 13

The cornish rebellion

Question 14

When was the treaty of Ayton and what did it do

Answer 14

1497
secured a truce between England and Scotland

Question 15

When was the treaty of perpetual peace and what did it do

Answer 15

1502
formal peace treaty
sanctioned marriage between princess Margaret and James IV

Question 16

When did Margaret and James IV marry

Answer 16

1503

Question 17

Why was Burgundy important

Answer 17

Majority of England’s export went through ports of the Netherlands e.g. Antwerp which came under Burgundy’s jurisdiction

Question 18

When and why did Henry put a trade embargo on the Netherlands

Answer 18

1493-1496
Maximilian (Holy Roman Emperor) and Philip (held jurisdiction over the Netherlands) offered hospitality to Perkin Warbeck

Question 19

Why was the trade embargo with the Netherlands controversial

Answer 19

It showed that Henry was willing to sacrifice the commercial interests of merchants for dynastic security

Question 20

when was the intercursus magnus and what did it do

Answer 20

1496
ended the trade embargo

Question 21

When was the treaty of windsor and what did it do

Answer 21

1506
created the intercursus malus
Earl of Suffolk returned
proposed marriage between Archduchess Margaret (Philip’s sister) and Henry 7
recognition of Juana and Philip as ruler of Castille

Question 22

When was the intercursus malus and what did it do

Answer 22

1506
tried to improve the trading position of English merchants in the Netherlands but was not successful

Question 23

When was the treaty of Medina del Campo and what did it do

Answer 23

1489
mutual protection between England and Spain
agreed not to harbour rebels or pretenders
agreed marriage between Arthur and Catherine of Aragon

Question 24

why did the marriage between Arthur and Catherine of Aragon not go well

Answer 24

Ferdinand was reluctant to allow it while Perkin Warbeck was still a threat

Question 25

when was the marriage between Catherine of Aragon and Arthur agreed and took place

Answer 25

agreed in 1499 took place in 1501

Question 26

When did Arthur die

Answer 26

1502

Question 27

what happened in Spain in 1504

Answer 27

Isabella of Castille died meaning there was a power struggle between Juana (Isabella's sister) and Ferdinand Henry supported Juana

Question 28

how was Henry able to create the Treaty of Windsor

Answer 28

Juana and Philip shipwrecked in 1506 and landed in England and Henry took advantage of their situation

Question 29

Where was Henry's power in Ireland

Answer 29

The Pale - the area of land which surrounded Dublin

Question 30

Who had power in areas of Ireland that was not the pale

Answer 30

descendants of anglo-norman barons most important were the Fitzgerald's (Geraldines) and the Butlers

Question 31

Who was lord deputy in Ireland and why was Henry fearful of him

Answer 31

Earl of Kildare (since 1477) had Yorkist sympathies crowned Lambert Simnel king of Ireland in 1486 supported Perkin Warbeck in 1491

Question 32

How did Henry change the control of Ireland

Answer 32

Instead of relying on the cheap but unreliable Irish deputies he appointed Prince Henry as Lieutenant of Ireland and Sir Edward Poynings as his deputy

Question 33

When was Poynings law and what did it do

Answer 33

1495 Meant Irish parliament could not pass laws without the approval of the English crown

Question 34

Why did Kildare become effective

Answer 34

by around 1496 he decided to support Henry which also secure the submission of some Irish deputies

Question 35

When and why did henry have to recall Poynings and rely on Kildare

Answer 35

1495 Warbeck returned and besieged the town of Waterford It was too expensive as Henry had to fund Scottish invasion

Question 36

what were Henry's foreign policy aims

Answer 36

to maintain positive relations with foreign powers to ensure national security, recognition of the Tudor dynasty and defence of English trading interests

Question 37

why did Henry raise an army against the French in 1489

Answer 37

he had a sense of obligations to the Bretons direct French control of Brittany could increase a potential threat to England

Question 38

why did diplomatic relations with Spain deteriorate

Answer 38

Philip of Burgundy died soon after arriving in Spain Ferdinand claimed Juana had gone crazy and was able to become regent of Castile Henry left diplomatically isolated