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Bot Med 1 > Herbal Actions Part 2 > Flashcards

Herbal Actions Part 2 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Anti-catarrhal

A

helps eliminate catarrh ( inflammation of mucous membranes resulting in increased mucous and phelgm production)

System :
Respiratory
GI
Urinary

Indications :
bronchitis
pneumonia
upper respiratory tract infection

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2
Q

Decongestant

A

relieves nasal congestion ( nasal catarrh)

RElated : sympathomimetic

System :
Respiratory

Indications 
URTI
sinusitis
rhinitis (hay fever)
allergies

Herbs :
Ephedra (Ephedra sinica)

Decongestants typically act by :

inhibiting histamine receptors
stimulating adrenergic receptors

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3
Q

Ephedra

A

Ephedra sinica

Decongestant
Bronchodilator
Antispasmotic

Sympathomimetic
stimulant
antiallergic
diaphoretic
Thermogenic
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4
Q

Bronchodilator

A

Dialates bronchioles ( makes it easier to breathe)

System : Respiratory

Indications:
laboured breathing, asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia

Herbs :
Ephedra ( Ephedra sinica)
Jimson weed ( Datura spp.)

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5
Q

Jimson Weed

A

Datura spp.
Bronchodilator
Anticholingeric

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6
Q

Antispasmodic ( respiratory)

A

relieves spasms of smooth muscles

System : respiratory, GI

Indications :
spastic cough, bronchitis, whooping cough, croup, asthma

Herbs : 
Ephedra ( Ephedra sinica)
horehound ( Marrubium vulgare)
thyme ( Thymus vulgaris)
red clover ( Trifolium pretense)
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7
Q

Red clover

A

Trifolium pretense

Antispasmotic

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8
Q

Horehound

A

Marrubium vulgare
Antispasmodic
Expectorant

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9
Q

Antiallergic

A

decreases the symptoms associated with allergies : runny nose ( rhinitis) and itchy eyes ( conjunctivitis)

System : respiratory

Indications :
seasonal allergies, sinusitis, rhinitis

Herbs :
eyebright ( Euphrasia officialis)
nettle ( urtica dioica)
ephedra ( Ephedra sinica)

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10
Q

Eyebright

A

Euphrasia offcialis

Antiallergic

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11
Q

Nettle

A

Urtica dioica

Antiallergic

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12
Q

Diaphoretic

A

stimulates diaphoresis ( perspiration) ( sweat out a cold)

System : respiratory

Indications : fever, colds and flu, detoxification

Herbs : elder flowers ( Sambucus canadensis, Sabucus nigra)

Cayenne ( Capsicum frutenscens

Ephedra ( Ephedra sinica)

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13
Q

Elder flowers

A

Sambucous canadensis , Subucus nigra)

Diaphoretic

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14
Q

Antitussive

A

Relieves coughing :

Related : cough suppresant

System : respiratory

Indications : unproductive dry cough
productive ‘wet cough’

Herbs : 
mullein ( Verbascum thapsus)
colt's foot ( Tussilago farfara)
wild black cherry ( prunus serotina)
opium oppy ( papver somniferum)
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15
Q

Mullein

A

Verbascum thapsus

Antitussive
Demulcent

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16
Q

Colt’s foot

A

Tussilago farfara

Antitussive
Demulcent

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17
Q

Wild Black Cherry

A

Prunus serotina

Antitussive
Cough suppressant

MoA :

contains cyogenic glycosides

cyanide binds to chemorecptos in the phrenic nerve and inhibits muscle reflec involved in respiration

Cautin : limit use to dry coughs of for wet coughs when systemmatic relieve is required ( ie - sleep)

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18
Q

Cough suppressant

A

inhibits the cough reflex

Related : antitussive

System : respiratory

Indications :
dry cough and spastic cough

Herbs :

Wild black cherry ( Prunus serotina)
Opium poppy Papaver somniferum
Cacao ( Therbroma cacao)

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19
Q

Cacao

A

Therbroma cacao

Cough suppressant

MoA : contains theobromine which inhibits vagus nerve firing.

50g of chocolate was as effective as opiates

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20
Q

Opium Mechanism in coughing

A

MOA - opiod receptors on vagus nerve partially responsible for cough supprestion

smaller amounts are required to inhibit cough than decrease pain

Caution : no longer used b/c of addictive quality.

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21
Q

Demulcent

A

mucoprotectant
soothes and protects mucous membranes

Related : antitussive , expectorant

System :
Respiratory , GI

Indications : sore thoar, larygitis, dry cough ( a lesser wet coughs)

Herbs :

Mullein ( Verbascum thapsus)
Colt’s foot ( Tussilago farfara)
licorice ( Glycherrhiza glabra)

herbal demulcents either contain mucilafe ( coat throat and give relief) or help increase mucous production

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22
Q

Expectorant

A

facilitates explusion of phlegm from the lungs

Related :
antitussive, mucolytic (syn.) , anticattarhal

System :
Respiratory

Indications :
wet cough, bronchitis, asthma

Herbs:
Indian Tobacco ( Lobelia inflata)
Blue Gum ( Eucalyptis globulus)
Horehound ( Marrubium vulgare)
Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra)
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23
Q

Horehound

A

Marrubium vulgare
Expectorant

antitussive
antispasmodic

MoA :
stimulates bronchial secretions
relaxes smooth muscles

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24
Q

Blue Gum

Study These Flashcards
A

Eucalyptus globulus
Expectorant

antiseptic
antimicrobial
rubefacient
analgeic (topical)
antispasmodic

Eucalyptus oil Moa

irritating to mucous membranes
stimulate bronchial secretions
may help break up phlegm directly

25
Indian Tobacco
Lobelia inflata Expectorant emetic cathartic antispasmodic MoA : stimulates medullary chemoreceptor to trigger CNS to induce vomitting. increase secretion of mucosa for the GI and respiratory tract Low does expectorant , high dose emetic ( causes vomiting)
26
Licorice and cough
Glycyrrhiza glabra antitussive expectorant]antiviral antiinflammatory MoA : stimulates bronchial secretions and increase the water content of mucous to make it less viscous relaxes smooth muscles.
27
Diuretic
increases the production and elimination of urine System : urinary Indications : UTIs , kidney stones, detoxification ``` Herbs : Parsley ( Petroselium crispum) Juniper ( Juniperus communis) Bear berry ( Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon) Horsetail ( Equisetum arvense) ```
28
Parsely
Petroselinum crispum Diuretic Urinary antiseptic Caution while preganant - could cause miscarriage in high amounts
29
Juniper
Juniperus communis Diuretic Urinary antiseptic
30
Urinary antiseptic
Discourages or inhibits growth of microorganisms in the urninary tract System : urinary Indications : UTI ``` Herbs : Juniper Juniperus communia Bear Berry ( Asctostaphylos uva-ursi) Parsley ( Petroselinum crispum) Cranberry ( Vacciunum macrocarpon) ``` comments : urinary antiseptic are comprised of essential oils
31
Bearberry + MoA
Actostaphylos uva-ursi Actions : Urinary antiseptic astringent diuretic MoA : contains arbutin which is a hydroquinone glycoside - antiseptic quialies are activated once the sugars are removed from certain bacteria Arbutin in an alkaline environment may facilitate the oxidation of hydroquinon to quinon ( sequester free radicals or generate free radicals)
32
Antiadherance (urinary)
prevents the attachment of certain microorganisms to the mucosa of the host , which is required to establish infection System : urinary Indications : UTI Herbs : Cranberry ( Vaccinium macropon) Comments : Typically used as a secondary action for urinary complaints
33
Astringent ( urinary)
helps tonify mucous membranes System : urinary Indications : hematuria UTI Herbs : horsetail (equisetum arvense) Cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon) Bearberry ( Arctostphylos uva-ursi)
34
Horsetail
Equisetum arvense Astringent ( urinary) diuretic
35
Demulcent ( urinary)
Increases mucous production to protect the kidney, uretors, bladder, and urethra against friction and iritation Syste, : urinary Indications : UTI, Urinary gravel and kidney stones Herbs : marshmallow ( Althea officinalis) typically used as secondary action for urinary complaints
36
Marshmallow
Althea officinalis Urinary Demulcent GI demulcent
37
Antilithic
Prevents and aids in explusion of liths ( stones) from the body System: urinary, biliary Indications : gallstones, kidney stones Herbs : Chanca piedra ( Phyllanthus niruri) joe-pye weed ( Eupatorium pupureum) Cranberry ( Vaccinium Macrocarpon)
38
Chanca piedra
Phyllanthus niruri Antilithic
39
Joe-pye weed
Euphatorium pupureum Antiilithic
40
Carminative
Promotes digestion ad relieves gas and bloating Related : antispasmodic, rubefacient System : GI Indications : indigestion , colic , flatulence, IBS Herbs : Peppermint ( Metha piperita) & plants in lamiaceae family fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare) & Apiaceae family Ginger ( Zingiber officinale) & Zingiveracease family Chamomile ( Matricaria recutita) MoA : increase blood flow to intestines relax smooth muscles and sphincters &normalize peristalists can aggrevate heartburn/cause reflux
41
Fennel
Foneiculum vulgare & Apiaceae family Carminative
42
Antiemetic
relieves nausea and vomitting System : GI Indications : N&V from pregnancy, motion sickness, chemo Herbs : Ginger ( Zingiber officinale) Marijuana ( Cannabis sativa) Peppermint ( Methna piperita) Affects many receptors serotonins (5-HT3) antagonist = ginger • cannabinoid aganoist = marijuana • Muscarinic antagonist = anticholinergics
43
Marijuana
Cannabis sativa Antiemetic Stomachic
44
Emetic
Induces Vomitting Related : expectorant System : GI Indications : poisoning . detox, infection Herbs : Ipecac ( Cephaelis ipecacuanha) Indian tobacco ( Lobelia inflata)
45
Ipecac
Cephaelis ipecacuanha Emetic
46
Bitter tonic
tonifies the digestive organs to increase appetite and stimulate digestive function System : GI , hepatobiliary Related : sialogue, stomachic, cholagogue and choleretic, laxitive ( mild) ``` Indications : indigestion ( dyspepsia) 'atonic' stomach poor appetite ( anorexia) low stomach acid ``` MoA : release digestive juices via : gastrin( stmach acid and sphincter tone) and CCK (cholecystokinin - increase bile and pancreatic enzyme release) ``` Herbs : yellow gential ( Gentiana lutea) wormwood ( Artemisia absinthium) ``` Caution : heartburn/reflux - may help cases of heartburn as well.
47
Yellow gentian
Gentiana lutea Bitter Tonic
48
Bitter - Aromatic
Bitters with aromatic oils providing additional carminative effect Herbs : Garden angelica ( Angelica archangelica) Wormwood ( Artemisia absinthium)
49
Bitter Pungent
Posses the bitter actions but taste pungent rather than bitter Herbs : Ginger ( zingiber officinale)
50
Garden angelica
Angelica archangelica | Bitter - Aromatic
51
Sialagogue
Stimulates salivation Related : Bitters System : GI Indications : xerostomia ( dry mouth) Mechanism of Action: Bitters ( vagus nerve) parasympathomimetic ( via nicotinic and muscarinic receptors)
52
Stomachic
tones the stomach and helps increase appetite and support digestion Related : Bitter (all bitters are stomachics) System : GI Indications : indigestion, hypochorhydia Herbs: bitters, marijuana ( Cannabis sativa) Ginger ( Ziniber officinale) Bitters are the main types but non-bitters exist ( cannabis) cautin ( heartburn)
53
Choleretic
increases production and release of bile from liver
54
Cholagogue
stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and the expulsion of bile System : Hepatobiliary Indications : indigestion, cholestasis ( gallstones, sludge) , detox Caution : could precipitate a gall bladder attack use with caution for gallstones
55
Case : Elderly woman with Gastric Pain
Gastric pain for several years + bloating after meals Arthritis multiple joints 1. remove dairy 2. tonify the stomach ( digestive tincture)
56
Antispasmodic (GI)
prevents and relieves spasms and cramping Related : carminative System : GI , urinary, repiratory, reproduction ``` Indications : intestinal colic ( gas), bilary colic ( d/t gallstones), IBS ``` ``` Herb : Greater celadine ( Chelidonium majus) ``` carminatives have antispasmotic properties but not all antispasmotic are carminatives (deadly nightshade)
57
Greater Celadine
Chelidonium majus Actions : ``` Antispasmotic bitter cholagogue cholerectic stomachic alterative ```
58
Antilithic
Prevents and aids in the expulsion of liths (stones) from the body Related : cholagogue , choleretic System : GI, Urinary Indications : gallstones, kidney stones Herbs : Boldo ( Peumus boldus) Comments : most bitter herbs could be used to treat gallstones because they increase the production of bile. Caution : attempting to dissolve stones has risks such as obstruction of the common bile duct.
59
Bodo
Peumus boldus ``` Actions: antilithic bitter cholagogue choleretic stomachic antimicrobial alterative ```

Bot Med 1 (4 decks)

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