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Hesi A and P review > HESI GENERAL KNOWLEDGE PART 4 > Flashcards

HESI GENERAL KNOWLEDGE PART 4 Flashcards

1
Q

CRANIAL CAVITY IS SURROUNDED BY:

A

THE SKULL AND CONTAINS ORGANS SUCH AS THE BRAIN AND PITUITARY CAVITY

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2
Q

THORACIC CAVITY IS ENCIRCLED BY WHAT AND CONTAINS WHAT ORGANS?

A

ENCIRCLED BY: STERNUM AND RIBS

CONTAINS: LUNGS, HEART, TRACHEA, ESOPHAGUS, AND BRONCHIAL TUBES

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3
Q

ABDOMINAL CAVITY IS SEPARATED FROM THE THORACIC CAVITY BY THE:

A

DIAPHRAGM

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4
Q

WHAT ORGANS DOES THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY CONTAIN:

A

STOMACH, GALL BLADDER, LIVER, SMALL INTESTINE, LARGE INTESTINE

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5
Q

WHAT HOLDS ABDOMINAL ORGANS TOGETHER?

A

PERITONEUM

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6
Q

PELVIC CAVITY IS ENCLOSED BY:

A

PELVIS OR BONES OF THE HIP

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7
Q

ORGANS IN THE PELVIC CAVITY:

A

BLADDER, UETHRA, URETERS, ANUS, AND RECTUM

CONTAINS REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

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8
Q

SPINAL CAVITY IS SURROUNDED BY WHAT:

A

VERTEBRAL COLUMN

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9
Q

HOW MANY REGIONS DOES THE VERTEBRAL COLUMNS HAVE:

A

5

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10
Q

WHAT ARE THE FIVE REGIONS OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN?

A

CERVICAL, THORACIC, LUMBAR, SACRAL, COCCYGEAL

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11
Q

CERVICAL IS RELATING TO:

A

NECK

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12
Q

CLAVICULAR IS RELATING TO THE :

A

CLAVICLE/COLLAR BONE

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13
Q

OCULAR RELATING TO:

A

THE EYES

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14
Q

ACROMIAL RELATING TO THE:

A

SHOULDER

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15
Q

CUBITAL RELATING TO:

A

ELBOW

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16
Q

BRACHIAL RELATING TO:

A

ARM

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17
Q

CARPAL RELATING TO:

A

WRIST

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18
Q

THORACIC RELATING TO THE:

A

CHEST

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19
Q

ABDOMINAL RELATING TO :

A

ABDOMEN

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20
Q

PUBIC RELATING TO THE:

A

GROIN

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21
Q

PELVIC RELATING TO:

A

PELVIS OR BONES OF THE HIPS

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22
Q

FEMORAL RELATING TO:

A

FEMUR OR THIGH BONE

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23
Q

GENICULATE RELATING TO:

A

KNEE

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24
Q

PEDAL RELATING TO:

A

FOOT

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25
Q

PALMAR RELATING TO:

A

PALM OF HAND

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26
Q

PLANTAR RELATING TO:

A

SOLE OF FOOT

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27
Q

RIGHT HYPOCHONDRIAC IS WHAT REGION:

A

REGION BELOW THE CARTILAGE OF THE RIBS

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28
Q

EPIGASTRIC IS WHAT REGION:

A

REGION ABOVE STOMACH BETWEEN HYPOCHONDRIAC REGIONS

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29
Q

RIGHT LUMBAR:

A

REGION OF THE WAIST

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30
Q

UMBILLICAL:

A

REGION BETWEEN LUMBAR REGIONS WHERE THE UMBILICUS OR BELLY BUTTON IS LOCATED

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31
Q

LEFT LUMBAR IS WHAT REGION:

A

REGION OF WAIST

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32
Q

RIGHT INGUAL IS WHAT REGION:

A

GROIN

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33
Q

HYPOGASTRIC IS WHAT REGION:

A

REGION BELOW STOMACH BETWEEN INGUINAL REGIONS

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34
Q

LEFT INGUINAL REGION:

A

REGION OF THE GROIN

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35
Q

SQUAMOUS ARE CELLS WITH WHAT SHAPE:

A

FLAT

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36
Q

CUBOIDAL ARE CELLS IN WHAT SHAPE:

A

CUBE

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37
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE LAYERS OF SKIN:

A

EPIDERMIS, DERMIS, AND HYPODERMIS

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38
Q

WHAT DOES THE HYPODERMIS DO:

A

BELOW THE DERMIS AND CONTAINS FAT AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE

IMPORTANT FOR INSULATION

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39
Q

THE OUTER EPIDERMIS IS COMPOSED OF:

A

DEAD CELLS

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40
Q

THE MOST INNER EPIDERMAL TISSUE IS A SINGLE LAYER OF CELLS CALLED:

A

STRATUM BASALE

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41
Q

THE STRATUM BASALE IS COMPOSED OF:

A

RAPIDLY DIVIDING CELLS THAT PUSH OLD CELLS TO THE SKIN’S SURFACE

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42
Q

THE DERMIS CONTAINS:

A

SUPPORTING COLLAGEN FIBERS PEPPERED WITH NERVES, BLOOD VESSELS, HAIR FOLLICLES, SWEAT GLANDS, OIL GLANDS, AND SMOOTH MUSCLES

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43
Q

SEBUM FUNCTIONS:

A

moisturize skin, prevents water loss, keeps skin elastic, its slight acidity provides a chemical defense against bacterial and fungal infections

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44
Q

Eccrine glands are:

A

sweat glands not attached to hair follicles

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45
Q

WHICH SWEAT GLANDS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THERMOREGULATION?

A

ECCRINE GLANDS

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46
Q

WHICH GLANDS REMOVE BODILY WASTE BY SECRETING WATE AND ELECTROLYTES?

A

ECCRINE GLANDS

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47
Q

WHAT ARE APOCRINE GLANDS?

A

SWEAT GLANDS ATTACHED TO HAIR FOLLICLES

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48
Q

WHEN ARE APOCRINE GLANDS ACTIVE?

A

POST PUBERTY

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49
Q

WHEN ARE APOCRINE GLANDS STIMULATED?

A
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50
Q

STESS AND AROUSAL

A
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51
Q

WHICH GLANDS SECRETE A THICKER, VISCOUS SUBSTANCE THAT IS ATTRACTIVE TO BACTERIA?

A

APOCRINE GLANDS

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52
Q

WHICH GLANDS LEAD TO THE UNPLEASANT SMELL IN ARMPITS, FEET, AND GROIN?

A

APOCRINE GLANDS

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53
Q

YELLOW BONE MARROW STORES ______

A

LIPIDS AND FATS

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54
Q

RED BONE MARROW PRODUCES _____

A

RED AND WHITE BLOOD CELLS AS WELL AS PLATELETS

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55
Q

THE PROCESS THAT RESULTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF RED AND WHITE BLOOD CELLS AS WELL AS PLATELETS IS CALLED:

A

HEMOPOEISIS

56
Q

TENDONS ATTACH ____ TO ____

A

BONES TO MUSCLES

57
Q

THE VERTEBRAE ARE ____ JOINTS

A

CARTILAGINOUS

58
Q

CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS HAVE SPACES BETWEEN THEM FILLED WITH :

A

CUSHION LIKE INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS THAT ACT AS SHOCK ABSORBERS

59
Q

WHAT ARE FIBROUS JOINTS:

A

HAVE FIBROUS TISSUE BETWEEN THE BONES AND NO CAVITY BETWEEN THEM, THEY ARE FIXED JOINTS AND ARE IMMOBILE

60
Q

FIBROUS JOINTS ARE FOUND IN THE :

A

SKULL

61
Q

COMPACT BONES HAVE A ____ SYSTEM

A

HAVERSIAN

62
Q

WHAT IS THE HAVERSIAN SYSTEM COMPOSED OF:

A

EMBEDDED BLOOD VESSELS, LYMPH VESSELS, AND NERVE BUNDLES THAT SPAN THE INTERIOR OF THE BONE FROM ONE END TO THE OTHER

63
Q

WHAT ARE THE CANALS OF VOLKMANN:

A

BRANCH FROM THE CENTRAL CANAL TO THE SURFACE OF THE BONE WHICH DELIVER MATERIALS TO PERIPHERAL OSTEOCYTES

64
Q

WHAT ARE LAMALLE?

A

CONCENTRIC CIRCLES SURROUDING CENTRAL Haversian canal

65
Q

LACUNAE ARE:

A

GAPS BETWEEN LAMALLAE WHERE OSTEOCYTES ARE EMBEDDED

66
Q

WHAT ARE TRABECULAE:

A

BEAMS OF TISSUE THAT ADD SUPPORT

67
Q

WHAT IS CARTILAGE:

A

FLEXIBLE CONNECTIVE TISSUE MADE OF COLLAGEN AN DTHE FLEXIBLE ELASTIN

68
Q

DOES CARTILAGE HAVE BLOOD VESSELS?

A

NO

69
Q

HOW DOES CARTILAGE OBTAIN MATERIALS?

A

DIFFUSION

70
Q

MUSCLES THAT WORK TOGETHER ARE CALLED:

A

SYNERGISTS

71
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE MADE OF BUNDLES OF LONG ____. THESE FIBERS CONTAIN _____ WHICH ARE MADE UP OF ALTERNATING ______. THE THICKER MYOSIN FILAMENTS ARE IN BETWEEN THE SMALLER ACTIN FILAMENTS IN A UNIT CALLED A ____

A

FIBERS, MYOFIBRILS, FILAMENTS, SARCOMERE

72
Q

ACTIN FILAMENTS ARE ATTACHED TO THE ____ LINE AND MYOSIN FILAMENTS ARE ATTACHED TO THE ____

A

Z LINE, M LINE

73
Q

THE SLIDING FILAMENT MODEL OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION IS DEPENDENT ON:

A

MYOSIN MOLECULES FORMING AND BREAKING CROSS-BRIDGES WITH ACTIN IN ORDER TO PULL THE ACTIN FILAMENTS CLOSER TO THE M LINE

74
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE CONTROLLED BY _____

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

75
Q

MOTOR NEURONS CONNECT TO MUSCLE FIBERS VIA _____

A

NUEROMUSCULAR JUNCTIONS

76
Q

MOTOR NEURONS MUST RELEASE THE NEUROTRANSMITTER ______ WHICH RELEASES CALCIUM IONS TO STIMULATE MYOSIN CROSS BRIDGING AND CONTRACTION

A

ACETYLCHOLINE

77
Q

ACETYLCHOLINE TRIGGERS THE RELEASE OF WHAT TO STIMULATE WHAT:

A

RELEASES CALCIUM IONS TO STIMULATE MYOSIN CROSS BRIDGING AND CONTRACTION

78
Q

HOW MANY NUCLEI DOES SMOOTH MUSCLE HAVE:

A

1

79
Q

SMOOTH MUSCLES OPERATE VIA _____ WHICH SEND IMPULSES DIRECTLY FOM CELL TO CELL

A

GAP JUNCTIONS

80
Q

CARDIAC MUSCLE _____ (DOES/DOES NOT) HAVE STRIATIONS

A

DOES

81
Q

WHAT ARE NEUROGLIA

A

CONNECT AND SUPPORT THE NEURONS

82
Q

MOTOR NEURONS USE _____ AND _____ AND CHANNELS IN ORDER TO MAKE ACTION POTENTIALS OCCUR

A

SODIUM, POTASSIUM

83
Q

DENDRITES ARE:

A

RECEIVE ELECTRICAL SIGNALS FROM OTHER NEURONS ACROSS SMALL GAPS CALLED SYNAPSES

THEY ARE THE BRANCHES COMING OUT OF THE CELL BODY

84
Q

THE NERVE CELL BODY IS:

A

THE HUB OF PROCESSING AND PROTEIN MANUFACTURE FOR THE NEURON

85
Q

AXON :

A

TRANSMITS SIGNAL FROM CELL BODY TO OTHER NEURONS

THE SINGLE LONG PROJECTION

86
Q

TERMINALS:

A

BRIDGE THE NEURON TO DENDRITES OF OTHER NEURONS AND DELIVER THE SIGNAL VIA CHEMICAL MESSENGERS CALLED NEUROTRANSMITTERS

87
Q

WHICH SYSTEM IS DIVIDING INTO TWO DIVISIONS, THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OR THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM?

A

PNS

88
Q

THE FOREBRAIN CONSISTS OF:

A

CEREBRUM, THALAMUS, HYPOTHALAMUS, AND THE REST OF THE LIMBIC SYSTEM

89
Q

FRONTAL LOBE FUNCTIONS:

A

VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT, JUDGEMENT, PROBLEM SOLVING, PLANNING

90
Q

TEMPORAL LOBE FUNCTION:

A

HEARING AND LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION

91
Q

PARIETAL LOBE FUNCTION:

A

PROCESSES SENSORY INPUT FROM SKIN

92
Q

OCCIPITAL LOBE FUNCTION:

A

PROCESSES VISUAL INPUT FROM EYES

93
Q

HIPPOCAMPUS FUNCTION:

A

PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN MEMORY

94
Q

AMYGDALA FUNCTION:

A

INVOLVED IN EMOTIONAL RESPONSES LIKE FEAR AND ANGER

95
Q

MIDBRAIN FUNCTIONS:

A

ALERTNESS, SLEEP/WAKE CYCLES, TEMP REGULATION

96
Q

SUBSTANTIA NIGRA FUNCTION:

A

PRODUCES MELATONIN

97
Q

MEDULLA OBLONGATA:

A

BREATHING, SWALLOWING, REGULATION OF HEART RATE AND BLOOD PRESSURE

98
Q

WHAT FORMS THE BRAIN STEM?

A

MIDBRAIN AND MEDULLA OBLONGATA

99
Q

CEREBELLUM FUNCTION:

A

POSTURE, BALANCE, AND MUSCULAR COORDINATION

100
Q

PNS RELAYS INFO BETWEEN ____ AND _____

A

CNS AND REST OF BODY

101
Q

AUTONOMIC NS FUNCTIONS:

A

INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENT, BODY FUNCTIONS, BREATHING, HEART RATE, DIGESTION, TEMP, AND BP

102
Q

THE AUTONOMIC NS IS DIVIDED INTO THE :

A

SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC

103
Q

PARASYMPATHETIC FUNCTIONS:

A

REST AND DIGEST

DECREASE HEART RATE, DECREASE BREATHING, PREPARE DIGESTION, ALLOW URINATION

104
Q

SYMPATHETIC NS FUNCTION:

A

FIGHT OR FLIGHT, INCREASE HEART RATE AND BREATHING

INHIBIT DIGESTION, URINATION, EXCRETION

105
Q

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM:

A

GOVERNS VOLUNTARY CONTROL OF SKELETAL MUSCLES

106
Q

AFFERENT NEURONS CARRY:

A

SENSORY MESSAGES FROM SKELETAL MUSCLES, SKIN, OR SENSORY ORGANS TO THE CNS

107
Q

EFFERENT NUERONS RELAY:

A

MOTOR MESSAGES FROM CNS TO SKELETAL MUSCLES, SKIN, OR SENSORY ORGANS

108
Q

HYPOTHALAMUS FUNCTIONS:

A

CONNECTS NEROUS SYSTEM TO ENDOCRINE SYSTEM BECAUSE IT RECIEVES SENSORY INFO THROUGH NERVES AND IT SENDS INSTRUCTIONS VIA HORMONES DELIVERED TO THE PITUITARY

109
Q

PITUITARY GLAND FUNCTION:

A

SECRETES GROWTH HORMONE AND HORMONES THAT CONTROL REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM, CHILDBIRTH, NURSING, BLOOD OSMOLARITY, AND METABOLISM

110
Q

THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IS ALSO CALLED THE:

A

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

111
Q

BLOOD VESSELS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR:

A

TRANSPORTING BLOOD THROUGHOUT THE BODY

112
Q

ARTERIES CARRY BLOOD FROM:

A

THE HEART TO THE REST OF THE BODY

113
Q

VEINS CARRY BLOOD FROM:

A

THE BODY BACK TO THE HEART

114
Q

CAPILLARIES CONNECT:

A

ARTERIES TO VEINS AND FORM NETWORKS THAT EXCHANGE MATERIALS BETWEEN BLOOD AND CELLS

115
Q

COTINUOUS CAPILLARIES ARE:

A

MADE UP OF EPITHELIAL CELLS TIGHTLY CONNECTED TOGETHER

LIMIT THE TYPES OF MATERIALS THAT CAN PASS INTO AND OUT OF THE BLOOD

116
Q

FENESTRATED CAPILLARIES ARE:

A

HAVE OPENINGS THAT ALLOW MATERIALS TO BE FREELY EXCHANGED BETWEEN BLOOD AND TISSUES

117
Q

WHERE ARE FENESTRATED ARTERIES COMMONLY FOUND?

A

DIGESTIVE, ENDOCRINE, AND URINARY SYSTEM

118
Q

SINUSOIDAL CAPILLARIES HAVE:

A

LARGER OPENINGS AND ALLOW PROTEINS AND CELLS THROUGH

119
Q

SINUSOIDAL CAPILLARIES ARE MOSTLY FOUND:

A

LIVER, SPLEEN, BONE MARROW

120
Q

MONOCYTES FUNCTION:

A

EAT AND DESTROY INVADERS LIKE BACTERIA AND VIRUSES

121
Q

LYMPHOCYTES FUNCTIONS:

A

RESPONSIBLE FOR ANTIBODY CREATION IN THE DEFENSE AGAINST INVASIVE ORGANISMS AND INFECTIONS

122
Q

NEUTROPHILS FUNCTIONS:

A

TAKE OUT BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL ORGANISMS

123
Q

WHICH WHITE BLOOD CELL IS THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE AGAINST INFECTIONS?

A

NEUTROPHILS

124
Q

WHICH IS THE MOST ABUNDANT WHITE BLOOD CELL?

A

NEUTROPHILS

125
Q

____ ARE MAST CELLS THAT SECRETE HISTAMINES

A

BASOPHILS

126
Q

WHAT IS HISTAMINE?

A

THE SUBSTANCE RESPONSIBLE FOR ITCHING ASSOCIATED WITH ALLERGIC DISEASES

127
Q

EOSINIPHILS FUNCTION:

A

TARGET PARASITES AND CANCER CELLS

128
Q

WHICH WHITE BLOOD CELLS ARE PART OF THE BODY’S ALLERGIC RESPONSE?

A

EOSINOPHILS

129
Q

WHICH WHITE BLOOD CELLS HAVE LOW PHAGOCYTIC ACTIVITY AND PRIMARILY DESTRUCTIVE ENZYMES

A

EOSINOPHILS

130
Q

DIASTOLE IS:

A

THE PHASE DURING WHICH THE HEART RELAXES AND FILLS WITH BLOOD

131
Q

SYSTOLE IS:

A

PHASE DURING WHICH THE HEART CONTRACTS AND DISCHARGES BLOOD

132
Q

THE SUPERIOR VENA CAVA IS A LARGE VEIN THAT:

A

DRAINS BLOOD FROM THE HEAD AND THE UPPER BODY

133
Q

THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA IS A LARGE VEIN THAT:

A

DRAINS BLOOD FROM THE LOWER BODY

134
Q

THE AORTA IS THE LARGEST ARTERY IN THE HUMAN BODY AND CARRIES BLOOD FROM:

A

THE HEART TO BODY TISSUES

135
Q

THE PULMONARY ARTERIES CARRY:

A

BLOOD FROM THE HEART TO THE LUNGS

136
Q

THE PULMONARY VEINS TRANSPORT BLOOD FROM:

A

THE LUNGS TO THE HEART

137
Q

PULMONARY CIRCULATION FUNCTION:

A

SUPPLIES BLOOD TO LUNGS

Hesi A and P review (7 decks)

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