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pharmacology > HF > Flashcards

HF Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

drug of choice to inhibit RAAS

A

ACEI

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2
Q

what ace drugs can be used for hf

A

any

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3
Q

what 2 drugs dec cardiac workload in ARBS for HF

A

Candesartan

Valsartan

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4
Q

what 3 drugs Dec cardiac workload: Beta blockers hf

A

Bisoprolol
Metoprolol
Carvedilol (alpha and beta blocker)

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5
Q

Once contraindicated in pts with HF bc they slow the HR with their negative inotropic effects

A

Dec cardiac workload: Beta blockers

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6
Q

Hydralazine

A

Dec cardiac workload

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7
Q

isosorbide dinitrate

A

Dec cardiac workload

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8
Q

Good to use in aftrican american pts with ACE and beta blockers

A

Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate

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9
Q

Sacubitril/Valsartan

A

Dec cardiac workload: Entresto

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10
Q

Bumetanide

A

loop

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11
Q

Furosemide

A

loop

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12
Q

Torsemide

A

loop

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13
Q

Usually for ppl with type 2 DM

A

Controlling excessive fluids: Farxiga

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14
Q

ONLY used in systolic HF

A

digoxin

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15
Q

digoxin enhances

A

contractility

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16
Q

Sodium nitroprusside

A

ADHF: Vasodilators

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17
Q

Nitroglycerin (NTG)

A

ADHF: Vasodilators

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18
Q

Dopamine

A

ADHF: other + inotropic drugs

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19
Q

Dobutamine

A

ADHF: other + inotropic drugs

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20
Q

Milrinone

A

ADHF: other + inotropic drugs

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21
Q

Good to use in aftrican american pts with ACE and beta blockers

A

Dec cardiac workload: Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate

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22
Q

moa hydralazine

A

direct vasodilator of arteries by causing Ca to be released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

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23
Q

moa Isosorbide dinitrate

A
  • converted to NO which causes vasodilation in veins
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24
Q

Dec cardiac workload: Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate

se

A

SE: “classic” HA and hypotension/orthostatic hypotension

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25
Dec cardiac workload: Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate | contra
Contra: don’t use with PDE 5 inhibitors (Viagra, Cialis, and Levitra) bc they can cause severe hypotension
26
moa sacubitril
Neprilysin inhibitor that degrades ANP and BNP; they reduce blood volume
27
Dec cardiac workload: Entresto | se
SE: hyperkalemia and angioedema
28
Dec cardiac workload: Entresto | contra
Contra: dont use with Aliskiren
29
Dec cardiac workload: Entresto | caution
Cautionary: can cause fetal harm
30
Dec cardiac workload: Entresto | bbw
BBW: dc when pregnant
31
Dec cardiac workload: Entresto | pregnancy
Pregnancy: not listed as a letter but avoid using it
32
Dec cardiac workload: Corlanor | moa
MOA: If ion current expressed in the SA node; regulates pacemaking activities in the SA node by selectively inhibiting If current which slows the HR and give blood more time to get to the myocardium; reduces HR w/o loss of contractility
33
Dec cardiac workload: Corlanor | se
SE: Luminous phenomena- sudden changes in brightness of light
34
Dec cardiac workload: Corlanor | contra
Contra: resting HR less than 70 bpm
35
Cautionary: most pts on _____ will also be on beta blocker so there is a risk of bradycardia since they both slow the HR
Corlandor
36
Dec cardiac workload: Corlanor | pregnancy
Pregnancy: may harm fetus; animal studies show birth defects
37
Pts should weigh themselves daily if on this
any loop
38
Usually used for heart failure not HTN
loop
39
Usually for ppl with type 2 DM
farxiga
40
Farxiga moa
MOA: inhibits sodium glucose co transporter 2 (SGCT-2) in the proximal renal convoluted tubule. It reduces intravascular volume through osmotic diuresis and natriuresis which reduces preload and afterload improving LV function.
41
Farxiga se
SE: UTI, yeast infections, Nec fasc of perineum AKA fournier’s gangrene
42
Farxiga contra
Contra: renal impairment eGRF<30
43
ONLY used in systolic HF
digoxin
44
digoxin is a ____ inotropic drug
+
45
digoxin has a ____ therapeutic index
NARROW
46
Half life of 36-40 hrs
digoxin
47
digoxin moa
MOA: normally Na K pump does 3Na out and 2K in. Digoxin inhibits this so Na builds up in the myocardium. The Na Ca pump normally does 3Na in and 1 Ca out.The build up of Na reverses the Na Ca pump. This leads to inc contractility of the heart
48
digoxin se
SE: cardiac arrhythmias, visual disturbances (yellow or blurred vision… think Van Gogh), anorexia
49
digoxin contra
Contra: VF
50
digoxin preg
Pregnancy: drug enters breast milk so use with caution
51
digoxin caution
Cautionary: more effective with hypokalemia so hypokalemia inc risk of toxicity. Don't give to someone with renal disease
52
Acute decompensated HF (ADHF) used to be known as
CHF
53
ADHF caused by
Volume overload Hypoperfusion Both
54
when pts are in hypotension and low CO
Cardiogenic shock-
55
Sodium nitroprusside | moa
MOA: breaks down NO which relaxes smooth muscle and dilates arteries
56
Sodium nitroprusside | se and BBW
SE and BBW: hypotension
57
Nitroglycerin (NTG) | moa
MOA: converted to NO which causes relaxation and vasodilation in veins
58
Nitroglycerin (NTG) | se
SE: hypotension and HA (MAJOR)
59
Nitroglycerin (NTG) | contra
Contra: recent use PDE 5 bc they can cause dangerously low hypotension
60
moa dopamine
MOA: direct alpha and beta adrenergic effect; at low doses (1-5 mcg/kg/min) stimulates dopamine receptors in the kidneys to inc blood flow and inc urine output
61
dobutamine MOA
MOA: beta 1 agonist inc CO
62
milrinone moa
MOA: inhibition of PDE 3 causing vasodilation
63
Drugs that DONT dec mortality:
Diuretics + inotropes nitrates/vasodilators
64
Drugs that DO dec mortality:
ACE/ARBs Beta blockers Entresto

pharmacology (16 decks)

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