Hip, buttock and thigh (A) Flashcards

(39 cards)

1
Q

What happens to the lower limb during development?

A

It twists during develop and you get a permanent pronation at the mid-thigh level

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2
Q

What specific words are given to the flexion and extension of the foot?

A

Dorsiflexion (pointing toes up)

Plantarflexion (pointing toes down)

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3
Q

What are the three parts of the pelvis (hip bone)?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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4
Q

What marks the ends of the iliac crest?

A

ASIS and PSIS

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5
Q

What is the name given to the surface of the hipbone that articulates with the sacrum?

A

Auricular Surface

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6
Q

What lies in between the greater and lesser trochanters?

A

Intertrochanteric crest

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7
Q

What short ridge is found just inferior to the lesser trochanter?

A

Gluteal tuberosity (at the back of femur, gluteus maximus attachment)

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8
Q

A longer ridge downwards along the shaft of the humerus and originates from the short ridge below the lesser trochanter (pectineal line) . What is this long ridge called?

A

Linea aspera

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9
Q

Which tubercle is found just superior to the medial epicondyle?

A

Adductor tubercle (attachment for adductor magnus)

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10
Q

What is the anterior protrusion between the ilium and the pubis called?

A

Iliopubic eminence

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11
Q

What are the two notable parts of the ischium onto which ligaments attach?

A

Tuberosity and spine

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12
Q

Which pelvic bones make up the acetabulum?

A

All three of them (ilium, ischium and pubis)

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13
Q

What notches are present on the posterior aspect of the pelvis?

A

Greater sciatic notch and lesser sciatic notch

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14
Q

What is the angle of inclination?

A

The angle that the long axis of the shaft makes with the long axis of the head and neck

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15
Q

What determines the size of the angle between the long axis of the shaft and the vertical plane?

A

The width of the hips

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16
Q

What structures form the greater and lesser sciatic foramina?

A

Sacrospinous ligament

Sacrotuberous ligament

17
Q

What are the two fascia found in the thigh?

A

Superficial fascia – e.g. subcutaneous tissue

Deep fascia – fascia lata

18
Q

What is the name given to the lateral thickened area of the fascia lata?

A

Ilio-tibial tract

19
Q

What are the four compartments of this region?

A

Gluteal compartment
Anterior compartment of the thigh
Medial compartment of the thigh
Posterior compartment of the thigh

20
Q

What movements are the muscles of the gluteal region responsible for?

A

Extension, abduction and external rotation of the femur

21
Q

What are the gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
(tensor fasciae latae – this is neurologically a gluteal muscle (innervated by superior gluteal nerve) but functionally it is more of an anterior compartment muscle)

22
Q

What are the short external rotators of the hip?

A

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Quadratus femoris
Gemelli (superior and inferior)

23
Q

Describe the attachments of gluteus maximus.

A

Proximal – posterior part of the iliac crest and thick fascia of the sacrum and coccyx
Distal – gluteal tuberosity and ilio-tibial tract

24
Q

What proportion of the gluteus maximum fibres attach to the gluteal tuberosity?

A

About 25% attach to the gluteal tuberosity and the rest are attached to the ilio-tibial tract

25
What does the ilio-tibial tract insert into?
Anterolateral tubercle of the tibia NOTE: there is a lateral intermuscular septum that goes between the iliotibial tract and the posterior surface of the femur
26
Describe the attachments of gluteus medius.
Proximal – broad attachment to the external surface of the ilium (between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines) Distal – greater trochanter
27
Describe the attachments of gluteus minimus.
Proximal – broad attachment to the external surface of the ilium (between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines) Distal – just below the greater trochanter
28
What movement are gluteus medius and gluteus minimus responsible for?
Abduction
29
What movement are the deep muscles of the gluteal region responsible for?
External rotation
30
Describe the attachments of tensor fasciae latae.
Proximal – ASIS | Distal – ilio-tibial tract
31
Which compartment is tensor fasciae latae in?
Neurologically it is more like a gluteal compartment muscle because it is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve In terms of action, it is a flexor of the hip so it functions more like an anterior compartment muscle
32
Describe the attachments of obturator internus.
Rim of the obturator foramen | Greater trochanter of the femur
33
What movement are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh responsible for?
Hip flexion | Knee extension
34
Which muscles are in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
``` Tensor fasciae latae Pectineus Ilio-psoas Sartorius Quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis) ```
35
What is the most powerful flexor of the hip?
Ilio-psoas
36
Describe the attachments of Ilio-psoas.
Psoas major attaches to the lateral parts of the lumbar vertebrae and T12 and Iliacus attaches to the iliac fossa and crest The two muscles then come together to form a common tendon that attaches to the lesser trochanter
37
Describe the attachments of Sartorius. What movement is it responsible for?
Sartorius comes off ASIS and descends inferiorly and medially. It crosses the knee and attaches to the upper part of the shaft of the tibia
38
Describe the arrangement of the quadriceps muscles.
Rectus femoris is most superficial with vastus medialis and vastus lateralis on either side of rectus femoris Vastus intermedius is deep to rectus femoris
39
Where do the quadriceps attach distally?
They come together to form a quadriceps tendon, which attaches to the patella There is a patellar tendon between the patella and the tibial tuberosity on the anterior of the tibia The patellar tendon is part of the quadriceps tendon with the patella in between as a sesamoid bone