Hip, Knee, and Limb Length Lab

Question 1

What is the normal values for hip extension? hip flexion?

Answer 1

hip extension: 0-20

hip flexion: 120-130

Question 2

What does knee flexion w/ internal leg rotation check for?

Answer 2

checks lateral hamstring tightness

Question 3

what does knee flexion w/ external leg rotation check for?

Answer 3

checks medial hamstring tightnes

Question 4

what is normal values for internal/external leg rotation?

Answer 4

160-180 degrees

Question 5

how would you isolate the medial hamstrings?

Answer 5

flex the knee to 90 degrees and then fully EXTERNALLY rotate the lower leg

Question 6

how would you isolate the lateral hamstrings?

Answer 6

flex the knee to 90 degrees and then fully INTERNALLY rotate the lower leg

Question 7

what is normal hip rotation for infants?

Answer 7

external : 60-90

internal: 0-30
* this is a 3:1 ratio

Question 8

what is normal hip rotation for up to 1 y/o?

Answer 8

external: 50-60
internal : 30
*this is a 2:1 ratio

Question 9

wha tis normal hip rotation for 4y/o to adult?

Answer 9

external- 45
internal 45
*this is a 1:1 ratio

Question 10

when the hip is flexed and knee is flexed, what structures tighten?

Answer 10

ischiofemoral ligament

*promotes external hip rotation

Question 11

when the hip is extended and knee is flexed, what structures tighten?

Answer 11

iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ligamentum teres

*promotes internal hip rotation

Question 12

how do you calculate NFP?

Answer 12

max. external rotation - (ext + int rotation/2)

Question 13

if there is no change in NFP, what does this suggest?

Answer 13

the cause is bony

Question 14

if there IS a change in NFP, what does this suggest?

Answer 14

the cause is soft tissue structures

Question 15

name the external rotators of the hip.

Answer 15

gemelli - superior and inferior
obturator internus and externus
adductors
gluteus maximus
sartorius
quadriceps femoris
piriformis
*mnemonic: "get out and get some quality players"

Question 16

name the internal rotators of the hip

Answer 16

gluteus minimus

gluteus maximus

Question 17

what is the normal values for sagittal plane motion of the hip?

Answer 17

extension: 0-20
flexion: 120-130

Question 18

what is normal values for frontal plane motion of the hip?

Answer 18

abduction: 40-45
adduction: 20-25

Question 19

what is normal values for knee extension/flexion?

Answer 19

knee extension: 0-15

knee flexion: 135

Question 20

what is considered normal value for space btwn knees?

Answer 20

ankle and medial knee spacing within 2 inches

Question 21

what is genu varum?

Answer 21

knees separated more than 2 inches in relationship to ankles

Question 22

what is genu valgum?

Answer 22

ankles separated by more than 2 inches in relationship to medial knees

Question 23

what is genu recurvatum?

Answer 23

knees are hyperextended in a standing position

Question 24

what is the direct method to measure limb length?

Answer 24

1. measure ASIS to medial malleolus
2. measure from umbilicus to medial malleolus
3. mark the inferior aspect of medial malleolus on each leg, place the malleoli next to each other, then measure the height difference btwn the marks

Question 25

what is the indirect method to measure limb length?

Answer 25

1. WB with foot in normal resting position
2. pelvic landmarks palpated, keeping hands parallel
3. ASIS and PSIS lcoated
4. place blocks of known thickness under short side until landmarks are same level

Question 26

what is standing method to measure limb length?

Answer 26

1. patient stands in angle and base of gait
2. examiner palpates Anterior superior iliac crests and greater trochanter.
3. evluation should be performed RCSP and NCSP.
4. a limb length that improves with feet in neutral position demonstrates a functional limb length.
5. if a difference exists in RCSP and NCSP may demonstrate a structural limb length