hip + thigh muscles

Question 1

what are the 6 muscles that flex the hip?

Answer 1

iliopsoas (iliacus + psoas major)
rectus femoris
pectineus
sartorius
tensor fascia lata

Question 2

what are the muscles that extend the hip + their innervations?

Answer 2

-gluteus maximus (inferior gluteal nerve)
-semitendinosus + semimembranosus + long and short head of the biceps femoris (common tibial or fibular nerve)

Question 3

which hamstring gives of the oblique popliteal ligament?

Answer 3

semimembranosus

Question 4

which hamstrings cross both the knee and hip joint?

Answer 4

all except the short head of the biceps femoris

Question 5

what are the 7 muscles that adduct the hip + their innervation?

Answer 5

-gluteus medius + minimus (superior gluteal nerve)

-gracilis
-adductor brevis and longus
- pectineus
- pubic and ischial part of adductor magnus
–> Obturator nerve (except pectineus and half adductor magnus m)

Question 6

what are the 6 muscles that solely function as lateral hip rotators + where do they attach?

Answer 6

1) Piriformis
2) Superior gemellus
3) Obturator internus
4) Inferior gemellus
5) Quadratus femoris
6) Obturator externus

attach on the greater trochanter

Question 7

what are the major medial rotators of the femur?

Answer 7

gluteus medius & minimus
(assistance from TFL, semitendinosus and semimembranosus)

Question 8

what are the 4 muscles that extend the knee + which muscles is the primary mover?

Answer 8

1) rectus femoris (primary knee extendor)
2) vastus medialis
3) vastus intermedialis
4) vastus lateralis

Question 9

which nerve innervates the knee extensors?

Answer 9

femoral nerve

Question 10

what are the 3 main flexors of the knee and what are the 4 assisting muscles ?

Answer 10

main: semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris (both heads)

assistors: sartorius, gracilis, gastrocnemius and popliteus (locksmith)

Question 11

which muscles are involved in medial rotation of the tibia?

Answer 11

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus and popliteus
(assisted by sartorius and gracilis)

Question 12

which muscles are involved in lateral rotation of the tibia?

Answer 12

biceps femoris (assisted by TFL)

Question 13

describe passive insufficiency

Answer 13

Two-joint muscle is LENGTHENED TO ITS MAXIMUM passive length over both joints and is INSUFFUCIENT to allow full ROM at both joints
simultaneously

Question 14

describe active insufficiency

Answer 14

Two-joint muscle is SHORTENED to its minimum
contracted length at both joints –> is no longer able to develop effective tension
and is INSUFFICIENT to produce full ROM at both joints simultaneously

Question 15

List the muscles that contribute to the pes anserinus

Answer 15

superior to inferior tendon attachments:
sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

Question 16

what are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 16

gracilis, adductor brevis, longus, magnus, pectineus, obrtuator externus

Question 17

gracilis

Answer 17

obtruator nerve
pubic bone to medial surface of prox tib
hip adduction, knee flexion, some lateral rotation

Question 18

adductor brevis

Answer 18

obrtuator nerve
pubic bone to prox linea aspera
hip adduction and medial rotation

Question 19

adductor longus

Answer 19

obtruator nerve
pubic bone to distal linea aspera
hip adduction and medial rotation

Question 20

adductor magnus

Answer 20

obtruator nerve for pubic part, tibial for ischial
pubic/adductor part = pubic bone to linea aspera and medial supracondylar line
ischial/hamstring part = ischial tuberosity to supracondylar line and adductor tubercle
hip adduction and medial rotation

Question 21

pectineus

Answer 21

femoral nerve
pectineal line to oblique line of femoral lesser trochanter, to linea aspera
hip adduction and flexion

Question 22

what are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 22

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Question 23

biceps femoris

Answer 23

fibular nerve
long head = ischial tuberosity to fib head
short head = linea aspera to fib head
hip extension, knee flexion, knee and hip lateral rotation

Question 24

semimembranosus

Answer 24

tibial nerve
ischial tuberosity to medial prox tib
hip extension, knee flexion, hip and knee medial rotation
forms oblique popliteal ligament

Question 25

semitendinosus

Answer 25

tibial nerve ischial tuberosity to medial prox tib hip extension, knee flexion, hip and knee medial rotation

Question 26

what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 26

iliopsoas, sartorius, rectus femoris, quadriceps femoris (vastus lateralis, intermedius, medialis, rectus femoris)

Question 27

iliopsoas

Answer 27

psoas; - lumbar vertebrae to lesser trochanter -anterior rami of l1,2,3 iliacus; - iliac fossa to femoral lesser trochanter - femoral nerve hip flexion

Question 28

sartorius

Answer 28

femoral nerve asis to medial tib hip flexion and knee flexion

Question 29

rectus femoris

Answer 29

femoral nerve straight head = aiis to quad tendon reflected head = ilium superior to acetabulum to quad tendon hip flexion, knee extension

Question 30

vastus medialis

Answer 30

femoral nerve media intertrochanteric line, pectineal line, medial lip of linea aspera, medial supracondylar line to quad tendon hip flexion and knee extension

Question 31

vastus intermedius

Answer 31

femoral nerve prox femur to quad tendon knee extension and hip flexion

Question 32

vastus lateralis

Answer 32

femoral nerve intertrochanteric line, lateral lip of linea aspera, lateral gluteal tuberosity, to quad tendon knee extension, hip flexion