histo breast

Question 2

acute mastitis pathogen

Answer 2

staph aureus

Question 3

sx of acuter mastitis

Answer 3

in lactating women erythema of breast fever pain

Question 4

histological appearance of breast tissue in mastitis

Answer 4

necrotic tissue infiltrated by neutrophils

Question 5

tx of mastitis

Answer 5

abx express milk and surgical drainage

Question 6

who gets periductal mastitis

Answer 6

non-lactating women who smoke

Question 7

what is seen histologically in periductal mastitis

Answer 7

keratinising squamous epithilium extending into nipple orifice

Question 8

who gets mammary duct ectasia

Answer 8

40-60yo multip

Question 9

pathology of mammary duct ectasia

Answer 9

large duct dilation due to granulomatous inflammation

Question 10

sx of mammary duct ectasia

Answer 10

poorly defined periareolar mass thick white nipple secretion

Question 11

what is the pathology of fat necrosis of the breast

Answer 11

inflammatory reaction to damaged adipose tissue

Question 12

causes of breast fat necrosis

Answer 12

trauma Rt surgery

Question 13

what causes fibroadenosis/ fibrocystic change

Answer 13

exaggerated response to hormones

Question 14

what is adenosis (breast)

Answer 14

increased number of acini/ lobule common in pregnancy

Question 15

cystic changes and fibrosis in fibroadenosis

Answer 15

cysts form due to lobule dilation and fill with fluid they then rupture and are calcified (fibrosis)

Question 16

gynacomastia definiton

Answer 16

unilateral or bilateral breast enlargment in men

Question 17

histological appearance of gynacomastia

Answer 17

epithelial hyperplasia fingerlike projections into ducts

Question 18

fibroadenoma

Answer 18

benign overgrown of collagenous mesenchyme

Question 19

presentation of fibroadenoma

Answer 19

spherical painless mible rubbery mass

Question 20

duct papilloma

Answer 20

benign tumour of breast duct

Question 21

what does a duct papilloma cause

Answer 21

bloody discharge nmo lump

Question 22

what is a radial scar

Answer 22

central scar surrounded by proliferating glandular breast tissue in a stellate papttern

Question 23

RF for breast carcinoma

Answer 23

nulliparity OCP/ HRT smoking, obesity, tabacco, FH

Question 24

when does breast screening occur

Answer 24

every 3 years from 47-73 mammography

Question 25

what does mammography look for

Answer 25

calcifications or mass in the breast

Question 26

what is breast carcinoma in situ

Answer 26

neoplastic epithelial proliferation limited to ducts or lobules by the basement membrane

Question 27

what is the difference between LCIS and DCIS

Answer 27

DCIS presents with calcifications and LCIS doesn't

Question 28

LCIS (lobar carcinoma in situ-breast)

Answer 28

incidental biopsy findings no Ecadherin no microcalifications

Question 29

what does breast DCIS put you at risk of

Answer 29

invasive breast ca

Question 30

invasive breast carcinoma subtypes

Answer 30

mucinous tubuluar ductal lobular

Question 31

invasive breast ca: mucinous

Answer 31

produce mucin which dissects into surrounding tissue

Question 32

invasive breast ca: lobular

Answer 32

cellsin single file strands

Question 33

invasive ca: tubular

Answer 33

well formed tubules with low grade nuclei \<1cm

Question 34

invasive ca: ductal

Answer 34

can't be subclassified

Question 35

what is the triple assessment

Answer 35

examination radiological exam FNA &cytology

Question 36

when is an USS used in triple assessment

Answer 36

if the woman is\<35yo if older USS+ mammography

Question 37

what is checked for at biopsy in triple assessment

Answer 37

histological subtrype ER/PR receptor tubule formation mitotic activity nuclear pleomorphism

Question 38

what receptor is associated with a good prognosis in breast ca

Answer 38

ER/PR

Question 39

what receptor is asociated with poor prognosis is breast ca

Answer 39

HER2

Question 40

what medications are used for HER2 breast ca

Answer 40

herceptin trastuzumab

Question 41

how does tamoxifen work

Answer 41

mixed agonist/ antagonist of oestrogen at its receptor

Question 42

what medication is used in breast ca to reduce oestrogen

Answer 42

anastrazole

Question 43

what do basal; cell like breast ca stain positive for

Answer 43

CK5/6/14

Question 44

where do phyllodes tumours originate from

Answer 44

interlobular stroma

Question 45

what is seen on histology of phyllodes tumour

Answer 45

increased cellularity mitoses

Question 46

do phyllodes tumours metastesis

Answer 46

no

Question 47

are phyllodes tumours benign

Answer 47

usually