Histology

Question 1

In what tissue(s) are cells are closely packed together, matrix is barely visible

Answer 1

Muscle and epithelial

Question 2

In what kinds of tissue are the cells are farther apart and most of the tissue is matrix

Answer 2

Nervous and connective

Question 3

What tissue is multinucleated and very uniformly striated?

Answer 3

Skeletal muscle

Question 4

How do you indentify a cardiac cell?

Answer 4

Shorter, branching myocytes, connected by an intercalated disc between cells

Question 5

Which cell has fusiform cell with a single, elongated nucleus in the middle, and no striations

Answer 5

Smooth muscle

Question 6

How is epithelial tissue categorized?

Answer 6

1- The shape of the most superficial cells; AND

2- How many layers of cells there are

Question 7

How is simple squamous epithelium identified?

Answer 7

Composed of a single layer of thin cells, looks like fried eggs

Question 8

How is simple cuboidal epithelium identified?

Answer 8

Usually square-ish with a central nucleus

One layer

Question 9

How are simple columnar epithelium identified?

Answer 9

Sometime have cilia, sometime not, nucleus is in bottom ⅓ of cell
One layer

Question 10

How is a pseudo-stratefied epithelium identified?

Answer 10

Every cell does contact the basement membrane, but not all reach the surface
Contains goblet cell
Nuclei do not line up

Question 11

How is stratefied squamous epithelium identified?

Answer 11

2-20 layers of squamous cells

Question 12

How is stratifiedcuboidal epithelium identified?

Answer 12

Layers of cube cells

Question 13

How is stratified columnar epithelium identified?

Answer 13

Layers of columnar epithelial cells

Question 14

How do you identify transitional epithelium?

Answer 14

Surface of transitional epithelium are living cells, and they change from rectagular to cuboidal

Question 15

What are the three basic elements of connective tissue?

Answer 15

Cells, Ground Substance, and Fibers

Question 16

What is the matrix?

Answer 16

Ground Substance and Fibers, everything that isnt a cell

Question 17

Name the three kinds of fibers

Answer 17

Collagen Fibers
Elastic Fibers
Reticular Fibers

Question 18

What is a collagen fiber?

Answer 18

Fibers are composed of bundles of fibrils lying parallel

Found in most kinds of connective tissue, especially bone, cartilage, tendons and ligaments

Question 19

What is an elastic fiber?

Answer 19

Are smaller than collagen fibers and branch together to form a network

Question 20

What is a reticular fiber?

Answer 20

Made of collagen fibers coated with glycoprotein

These are thinner than collagen fibers and also form branching support networks

Question 21

What are the two kinds of connective tissue?

Answer 21

Loose Connective Tissue

Dense Conncetive Tissue

Question 22

What are the three connective tissues?

Answer 22

Areolar Tissue
Adipose Tissue
Reticular Tissue

Question 23

How is adipose tissue identified?

Answer 23

Where fat cells are the predominant cell type
Adipose cells are 70-120 μm (microns), but can be 5x bigger in the obese
RBC is 7μm
Space between adipose cells is occupied by areolar tissues and blood capillaries

Question 24

How is reticular tissue identified?

Answer 24

A mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts that form the structural framework of the spleen and lymph nodes
You must use a silver stain to see reticular tissue (silver shows the fibers)
Think of a sponge…the sponge is the fibers, providing a scaffolding

Question 25

What are the three dense connective tissues? | What phrase describes the?

Answer 25

Dense Regular Connective Tissue Dense Irregular Connective Tissue Elastic Connective Tissue "More fibers, less ground substance"

Question 26

How is dense regular CT identified?

Answer 26

Collagen fibers run in the same direction, packed together tightly The only cells present in a fibroblast This tissue type has few blood vessels

Question 27

How is dense irregular CT identified?

Answer 27

Collagen fibers run in many different directions, meshwork

Question 28

How is elastic CT identified?

Answer 28

Branching elastic fibers

Question 29

What is the difference between dense regular CT and elastic CT?

Answer 29

Elastic Ct has branching fibers, in dense regular CT no branching and the but the fibers remain tightly packed in both

Question 30

What are the three kinds of cartilage?

Answer 30

Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage Elastic cartilage

Question 31

How is hyaline cartilage identified?

Answer 31

Most prevalent cartilage in body, light blue in color Equal amounts of collagen and ground substance Cell is in a lacuna Usually invisible collagen fibers in matrix

Question 32

How is fibrocartilage identified?

Answer 32

More collagen fibers are present, running parallel, very tough cartilage Coarse, readily visible bundles of collagen, fewer cells

Question 33

How is elastic cartilage identified?

Answer 33

Yellowish in life Elastic fibers form a web-like mesh around chondrocytes Dark Staining, conspicuous elastic fibers in the matrix

Question 34

What is the epiphysis?

Answer 34

Enlarged area to strengthen joint | Also provides surface area for muscles

Question 35

The _______ is the shaft of a bone

Answer 35

Diaphysis

Question 36

Spongy bone is...

Answer 36

Meshwork of slivers of bone | Provides support for red bone marrow

Question 37

Compact bone is...

Answer 37

More solid, but still has passageways | External layer of bone

Question 38

What is the medullary cavity?

Answer 38

Central cavity of long bone Red or Yellow marrow Red → blood Yellow → fat

Question 39

What are the two coverings of bone?

Answer 39

Endosteum-Inside the bone | Periosteum- Outside of the bone, made of the inner and the outer periosteum

Question 40

The onion-like layers that construct compact bone are called?

Answer 40

Lamellae

Question 41

Lamellae are concentrically arranged around a central _______ _______.

Answer 41

Haversian canal

Question 42

The osteon is....

Answer 42

A haversian canal and its surrounding concentric lamellae

Question 43

In bone, the ______ and and ______are arranged to form a miniature canal system of extracellular fluid

Answer 43

Lacunae | Cannaliculi

Question 44

What is a concentric lamellae?

Answer 44

Found in osteon | This bone is newer-was just created

Question 45

What is a circumferential lamellae?

Answer 45

Around the outside of bone 2-3 layers of bone that are around the outer boundaries of compact bone Next to the periosteum Parallel to bone surface

Question 46

What is an interstitial lamellae?

Answer 46

These are between osteons They are irregular regions of compact bone These are parts of old osteons that are partially destroyed during previous reabsorption

Question 47

The lamellae in spongy bone are called _______.

Answer 47

Trabeculae

Question 48

In an osteon, _______ canals are veritical, while ________ canals are horizontal.

Answer 48

Haversian | Volkmann