Histology

Question 1

Simple squamous epithelium

description, function, location

Answer 1

D: single layer of flattened cells
F: diffusion and filtration
L: air sacs of lungs, kidney, blood vessels(endothelium)

Question 2

Simple columnar epithelium (ciliated type and nonciliated)

Answer 2

D: single layer of tall cells w/ round-oval nuclei, can bear microvilli or cilia, can contain goblet cells
F: absorption and secretion, ciliated type propels mucus by ciliary action
L: nonciliated type lines digestive tract (stomach-rectum)
ciliated type lines small bronchi

Question 3

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 3

D: single layer of cubelike cells w/ large spherical nuclei
F: secretion and absorption
L: kidney tubules and glands

Question 4

Pseudostratified columnar epithelim (ciliated type and nonciliated)

Answer 4

D: single layer of cells of differing heights, nuclei seen at different levels, may contain goblet cells and bear cilia
F: secretion and propulsion of mucus
L: ciliated type lines upper respiratory tract,
nonciliated type in males’ sperm carrying ducts and ducts of large glands

Question 5

Stratified squamous epithelium (nonkeratinzed type and keratinzed type)

Answer 5

D: composed of several layers, surface cells are flattened (squamous)
F: protects underlying tissues subjected to abrasion
L: nonkeratinzed type forms moist linings of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina
keratinzed type forms epidermis of the skin

Question 6

Stratified cuboidal epithelium (rare)

Answer 6

D: typically two cell layers thick
F: absorption and secretion
L: quite rare, found in some sweat and mammary glands

Question 8

Transitional epithelium

Answer 8

D: several cell layers, basal cells are cuboidal/columnar, surface cells are dome shaped
F: stretches readily to permit the distension of the urinary bladder
L: lines urinary bladder, ureters, part of urethra

Question 9

Endocrine release

Answer 9

internally secreting, i.e. hormones into bloodstream

Question 10

Merocrine mode of secretion (exocrine type)

Answer 10

secrete their products by exocytosis, cell stays intact

i.e. sweat glands: eccrine(directly onto skin) and apocrine(hair )

Question 11

Exocrine release

Answer 11

externally secreting, i.e. sweat onto epidermis, mucous, salivary glands

Question 12

Holocrine mode of secretion (exocrine type)

Answer 12

entire secretory cell ruptures, releasing secretions and dead cell fragments
i.e. sebaceous gland of the skin

Question 13

Apocrine mode of secretion (exocrine type)

Answer 13

part of apical portion pinches off and leaves duct

i.e. mammary glands

Question 14

Types of CT

Answer 14

bone, blood, cartilage, connective tissue proper

Question 15

Types of fibers in CT

Answer 15

collagen, elastic, reticular

Question 16

Functions of CT

Answer 16

binding and supporting, protecting, insulating, storing reserve fuel, transporting

Question 17

Collagen fiber

Answer 17

provides high tensile strength

Question 18

Elastic fiber

Answer 18

long, thin fibers that allow for stretch

Question 19

Reticular fiber

Answer 19

branched collagenous fibers that form delicate networks

Question 20

Fibroblast is in which CT?

Answer 20

CT proper

Question 21

Chondroblast is in which CT?

Answer 21

cartilage

Question 22

Osteoblast is in which CT?

Answer 22

bone

Question 23

Hematopoietic stem cells are in which CT?

Answer 23

blood

Question 24

CT proper: loose, areolar

Answer 24

D: gel-like matrix with all three fiber types
F: wraps and cushions organs
L: packages organs

Question 25

Common origin of all CT is

Answer 25

mesenchyme; an embryonic CT

Question 26

CT proper: loose, adipose

Answer 26

D: closely packed adipose “bubbles” (cells), or adipocytes; nucleus pushed to the side
F: provides reserve food fuel, insulates against heat loss, supports and protects organs
L: subcutaneous tissue, around kidneys and eyeballs, within abdomen, in breasts

Question 27

CT proper: loose, reticular

Answer 27

D: network of reticular fibers, reticular cells lie on network
F: form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types like WBCs, mast cells, etc.
L: lymphoid organs

Question 28

CT proper: dense, dense regular

Answer 28

D: parallel collagen fibers, few elastic fibers, primarily fibroblasts
F: attaches muscle to bone or bone to bone
L: tendons(muscle to bone) and ligaments(bone to bone)

Question 29

CT proper: dense, elastic

Answer 29

D: dense regular CT containing HIGH proportion of elastic fibers, (compacted bacon), tightly packed boobs
F: recoiling, pulsatile flow of blood
L: walls of arteries, within ligaments

Question 30

CT proper: dense, dense irregular

Answer 30

D: irregularly arranged collagen fibers, primarily fibroblasts, LOOKS LIKE TIE DYE!
F: withstands tension, provides structural strength
L: fibrous capsules of organs and of joints

Question 31

CT: cartilage, hyaline

Answer 31

D: chondrocytes lie in lacunae within matrix, “half jellies”
F: supports and reinforces, cushion
L: covers end of long bones, cartilage in ribs, nose, trachea, larynx, etc.

Question 32

CT: cartilage, fibrocartilage

Answer 32

D: similar to hyaline cartilage but thick collagen fibers predominate, “very tiny jellies, mostly strings” ,streaming river
F: absorb compressive shock
L: intervertebral discs

Question 33

CT: cartilage, elastic

Answer 33

D: same as hyaline cartilage but more elastic fibers in matrix
F: maintains shape of structure with great flexibility
L: external ear and epiglottis

Question 34

CT: bone

Answer 34

D: circular lacunaes “it look like wood”
F: supports and protects, blood cell formation
L: bones (duh)

Question 35

CT: blood

Answer 35

D: red and white blood cells in plasma matrix
F: transport respiratory gases, nutrients, etc.
L: contained within blood vessels

Question 36

Skeletal muscle

Answer 36

D: very obvious cylinder separations and very obvious striations, multinucleate
F: voluntary movement i.e. walking
L: skeletal muscles attached to bones or occasionally to skin

Question 37

Cardiac muscle

Answer 37

D: branching, slightly striated, uninucleate cells, intercalated discs
F: involuntary, propels blood into circulation
L: walls of heart

Question 38

Smooth muscle

Answer 38

D: no striations, cells closely together to form sheets
F: propels substances/objects along internal passageways (urine, a baby, etc.), involuntary control
L: mostly in the walls of hollow organs i.e. intestines, stomach

Question 39

Nervous tissue

Answer 39

D: neurons (very obv to distinguish)
F: transmit electrical signals
L: brain, spinal cord, nerves

Question 40

Types of cells in CT

Answer 40

osteoblast, chondrocyte, fibroblast