Histology

Question 1

lining of the digestive tract?

Answer 1

• stratified squamous epithelium

- lamina propria of dense connective tissue underneath

Question 2

Is the oral cavity generally keratinised or not?

Answer 2

• not generally keratinised

Question 3

What are the names of the fine hair like structures on the tongue?

Answer 3

• filiform papillae
• dorsal surface
• no taste buds

Question 4

What are the 3 parts of the mucosa in the digestive tract?

Answer 4

• epithelium
• lamina propria
• muscular mucosa

Question 5

What are the 4 main parts of the digestive tract lining?

Answer 5

• mucosa
• submucosa
• muscularis externa
• serosa or adventitia

Question 6

What is the muscular mucosal?

Answer 6

• thin layer of smooth muscle

Question 7

What is the muscular external composed of?

Answer 7

• 2 thick layers of smooth muscle, an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer

Question 8

What are the names of the “holes” in the walls in the stomach?

Answer 8

• gastric pits

- below the pits are the gastric glands

Question 9

Acid producing cells are called?

Answer 9

• parietal cells

Question 10

Where are parietal cells found?

Answer 10

• towards the top

Question 11

What are chief cells?

Answer 11

• digestive enzyme secreting cells

Question 12

What are parietal cells?

Answer 12

• hydrochloric acid producing cell

- energy dependant cells

Question 13

Where are stem cells located on the stomach epithelium?

Answer 13

• isthmus

Question 14

What is unique of the muscularis external of the stomach?

Answer 14

• contains an additional 3rd layer

- this is to aid the churning action of the stomach

Question 15

What are the name of the pits ‘drilling’ downwards In the small intestine?

Answer 15

• crypt of Lieberkuhn

Question 16

Glands in the submucosa?

Answer 16

• oeophagus

- duodenum

Question 17

What is an enterocyte?

Answer 17

• absorptive cell of the small intestine
• most numerous
• tall columnar with a brush border

Question 18

What is the name of the acidic partly digested material that arrives to the duodenum?

Answer 18

• chyme

- arrives from the stomach

Question 19

Name of the glands present in the submucosa of the duodenum?

Answer 19

• brunner’s glands

Question 20

What is the name of the lymphoid tissue associated with the gut/ileum?

Answer 20

• Peryer’s patches

Question 21

What are the 2 principle types of cells of the large intestine epithelium?

Answer 21

• absorptive cell (removal of salts and water)
• goblet cells (secretion of muscus)
• will also be stem cells as being constantly replaced

Question 22

What tissue is evident in the appendix?

Answer 22

• lymphoid tissue

Question 23

Name of the digestive tract nervous system?

Answer 23

• Enteric Nervous System

Question 24

Name of the interconnected network of fibres that controls gut motility?

Answer 24

• myenteric plexus

Question 25

Functions of the liver?

Answer 25

- Detoxification of toxins and drugs - Synthesise plasma lipoproteins - Synthesis and secretion of bile (exocrine gland)

Question 26

The liver is made up of segments called____

Answer 26

lobules

Question 27

What is at the centre of the liver lobule

Answer 27

- central vein

Question 28

What is at the corner of each liver lobule?

Answer 28

- portal triads/tract

Question 29

Portal tracts/triads of the liver include branches of:

Answer 29

- hepatic portal vein - hepatic artery - bile ductule

Question 30

name of the space between the hepatocytes in the liver?

Answer 30

- space of Disse | - or perisinusoidal space

Question 31

What cell type is involved in cirrhosis of the liver?

Answer 31

- the collagenous connective tissue in the liver

Question 32

What are hepatic stellate cells?

Answer 32

- found in the space of disse - modified fibroblasts - make connective tissue - store vitamin A within fat droplets

Question 33

The name given to the resident macrophages found within the sinudoids of the liver?

Answer 33

- kupffer cells

Question 34

Role of kupffer cells?

Answer 34

- remove particulate matter from blood and help remove won out red blood cells

Question 35

What is bile?

Answer 35

- alkaline solution containing water, ions, phosphoplipids, bilirubin and bile salts. - emulsification of fats in digestive tract - made in the liver --> produced by hepatocytes

Question 36

what are the names of the small channels that transport bile in the liver?

Answer 36

- bile cancliculi

Question 37

What is the role of the gall bladder

Answer 37

- store bile | - modifies bile within it (concentrates the bile)

Question 38

What modifications do the gallbladder do?

Answer 38

- pump out salts and water | - concentrates it

Question 39

Gall bladder is a muscular structure? True or false?

Answer 39

- TRUE - the gall bladder is a muscular sac - contains smooth muscle

Question 40

What is unusual about the pancreas?

Answer 40

- it is both an endocrine and exocrine gland

Question 41

What is the exocrine component of the pancreas?

Answer 41

- produces digestive juices - contains proteases, lipase,amylases etc - these are delivered to the duodenum

Question 42

What is the endocrine component of the pancreas?

Answer 42

- produce insulin and glucagon