Histology

Question 1

Basic layer structure of blood vessels?

Answer 1

tunica intima (inner)
internal elastic membrane
tunica media (middle)
external elastic membrane
tunica adventitia (outer)

Question 2

tunica intima of blood vessels is made of?

Answer 2

simple squamous endothelium + thin layer CT

Question 3

tunica media of blood vessels is made of?

Answer 3

predominately smooth muscle (very variable thickness)

Question 4

tunica adventitia of blood vessels is made of?

Answer 4

supporting CT

Question 5

Big arteries have?

Answer 5

lots of elastic tissue in tunica media to allow pumping and recoil

Question 6

arterioles are made up of?

Answer 6

tunica intima
tunica media with 1 or 2 layers smooth muscle
almost no adventitia

Question 7

capillaries are made up of?

Answer 7

endothelial cells + basal lamina PLUS pericytes (CT cells with contractile properties)

Question 8

what are the types of capillary?

Answer 8

continuous
fenstrated
discontinuous/sinusoidal

Question 9

veins are made of?

Answer 9

tunica intima
thin tunica media (lot thinner than arteries as only few layers smooth muscle)
adventitia (thick in larger veins)

Question 10

valves in veins are made of?

Answer 10

inward extensions of tunica media

Question 11

lymphatics are thin or thick walled?

Answer 11

thin

Question 12

lymph nodes are for?

Answer 12

immunological surveillance

Question 13

how is flow established in lymphatic vessels?

Answer 13

NO pump

smooth muscle in walls PLUS hydrostatic pressure in tissue PLUS compression of vessels by voluntary muscle PLUS valves

Question 14

the heart is made up of which 3 layers?

Answer 14

endocardium (inner)
myocardium
epicardium (outer

Question 15

endocardium does what?

Answer 15

lines entire inner surface of heart inc valves

Question 16

endocardium is made up of what?

Answer 16

endothelium + basal lamina + thin layer of collagen fibres + dense CT (sometimes subendocardium)

Question 17

where is the subendocardium located?

Answer 17

between the endocardium and myocardium

Question 18

what does the subendocardium contain?

Answer 18

loose CT with small blood vessels, nerves and the conducting system

Question 19

what does the myocardium contain?

Answer 19

contractile cardiac muscle + individual muscle fibres surrounded by collagneous CT with lots of capillaries

Question 20

what is the epicardium made of?

Answer 20

mesothelium (flattened epi) + basal lamina + CT + adipose tissue

Question 21

in which layer are coronary arteries embedded?

Answer 21

in adipose tissue of the epicardium

Question 22

what is the pericardium made up of?

Answer 22

fibrous pericardium
serous pericardium (visceral and parietal)

Question 23

what is the fibrous pericardium made of?

Answer 23

tough fibrocollagenous CT

Question 24

what is the serous pericardium made of?

Answer 24

mesothelium + basal lamina + CT

Question 25

what is the function of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

Answer 25

support valves provide attachment for myocardium non-conducting so isolates atria from ventricles

Question 26

what is the fibrous skeleton made of?

Answer 26

thick bands of CT

Question 27

what are the heart valves made of?

Answer 27

outer endo + basal lamina + collagen and elastin fibre layer + lamina fibrosa (core of dense CT continious with fibrous skeleton)

Question 28

which heart valves are anchored by papillary muscles?

Answer 28

tricuspid and mitral

Question 29

what holds the leaflets of the valves to the papillary muscles?

Answer 29

chordae tendineae

Question 30

do heart valves contain blood vessels?

Answer 30

no

Question 31

3 types of cardiac muscle cells are?

Answer 31

contractile pacemaker conducting

Question 32

name 3 characteristics of pacemaker cells

Answer 32

Much smaller than contractile muscle cells Appear pale Have few myofibrils as not made to contract

Question 33

Name 2 characteristics of conducting cells

Answer 33

Larger than contractile cardiac muscle cells | Pale with clear centre

Question 34

where are pacemaker cells found?

Answer 34

Embedded in extensive CT

Question 35

where are conducting cells found?

Answer 35

subendocardial layer just deep to endocardium