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Anatomy > Histology - Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Histology - Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 functions of connective tissue

A

Space filler and mechanical support; main fat and calcium store; attachment and protection

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2
Q

Name the 2 types of connective tissue

A

Soft connective tissue; hard connective tissue

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of resident cells of connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts; adipose cells; osteocytes; chondrocytes

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4
Q

What are fibroblasts

A

Elongated cells with tapered ends that are widely distributed

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5
Q

What is the function of fibroblasts

A

They produce and maintain the extracellular matrix

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6
Q

What is the function of adipose cells

A

With the release of fatty acids into the bloodstream, they provide energy for other cells

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7
Q

What does the extracellular matrix of connective tissue consist of

A

Fibres; ground substance; tissue fluid

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8
Q

What is the most abundant protein in the human body

A

Collagen; makes up roughly 25% of total body protein

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9
Q

Describe the structure of collagen type 1

A

Inelastic and has a tensile strength (on a weight for weight basis) similar to mild steel

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10
Q

What are elastic fibres composed of

A

The proteins elastin and the microfibril fibrillin

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11
Q

What are reticular fibres made of

A

These thin fibres are made of type III collagen

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of soft connective tissue

A

Loose (most common) and dense

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13
Q

Where can loose connective tissue be found

A

Mesentery; adipose tissue; stroma of many organs

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14
Q

Name the 2 forms of dense connective tissue and give examples of each

A

Regular = fibres aligned (e.g. tendon); irregular = fibre bundles run in many directions (e.g. dermis of skin)

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of hard connective tissue

A

Bone and cartilage

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16
Q

Describe what cartilage is

A

Semi-rigid connective tissue consisting chiefly of scattered cells surrounded by an amorphous appearing ECM

17
Q

What does the ECM contain in hyaline

A

75% water; 25% organic material

18
Q

What is the connective tissue called that surrounds cartilage

A

Pericondrium

19
Q

How many layers does the pericondrium have; and name them

A

2; outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer

20
Q

What is the outer fibrous layer of the pericondrium’s main function

A

Provides support

21
Q

What does the inner chondrogenic layer of the pericondrium provide

A

New chondroblasts to the adjacent cartilage

22
Q

What does hyaline cartilage look like in real life

A

Blue-white and translucent

23
Q

Name the 3 types of cartilage

A

Hyaline; elastic cartilage; fibrocartilage

24
Q

Describe how elastic cartilage is different to hyaline cartilage

A

ECM contains a preponderance of elastic fibres, making it very flexible

25
Q

What is fibrocartilage a mixture of

A

Dense regular connective tissue and islands of cartilage cells and and cartilage matrix

26
Q

Is bone permeable

A

No

27
Q

Name the 5 main functions of bone

A

Support; levers for movement; protection; calcium store; haemopoiesis (formation of blood cells, esp. in bone marrow)

28
Q

What is bone composed of (include %)

A

Bioapatite (65%); collagen (23%); 10 & (water); non-collagen proteins (2%)

29
Q

What type of bone forms the outer shell of the shaft

A

Dense cortical

30
Q

What type of bone occupies the ends of bone (epiphyses)

A

Cancellous/trabecular

31
Q

What arteries provide the interior of bone

A

Osteonal arteries

32
Q

Name the 4 bone cells

A

Osteoblasts; osteocytes; osteoclasts; osteoprogenitor cells

33
Q

What is the function of osteoblasts; and how big are they

A

They are bone forming cells; roughly 15-30 micrometres across

34
Q

What are osteocytes; and how big are they

A

Bone cells trapped within the bone matrix; roughly 25 micrometres across

35
Q

What is the function of osteoclasts; and how big are they

A

Large multinucleated cells responsible for bone reabsorption; 40 micrometres across or more

36
Q

What is the function of osteoprogenitor cells

A

Serve as a pool reserve of osteoblasts

37
Q

What is the periosteum

A

Dense connective tissue sheath surrounding the bone except at articular surfaces

38
Q

How many layers does the periosteum have when bone is being made

A

2; an outer fibrous layer and an inner osteogenic layer of osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts

39
Q

How many layers does the periosteum have when no new bone is being made

A

Just 1; the inner layer is inconspicuous

Anatomy (20 decks)

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