Histopath: histopathology of systemic disease Flashcards
list opportunistic infections associated with HIV
pneumocystitis jiroveci CMV - oesophagitis candida TB cryptococcus - meningitis toxoplasma gondii - encephalitis and mass lesions herpes simplex
tumours associated with HIV
kaposkis sarcoma - HHV8
- dermis is expanded by a solid tumour
lymphoma
SCC
cns diseases associated with HIV
progressive encephalopathy = AIDS dementia complex
opportunistic infections and tumours
CNS lymphoma
pathology of mycobacteria
caseating granulomas
acid fast bacilli
list extra-pulmonary features of mycobacterial infection
CNS - meningitis, tuberculoma eye - conjunctivitis adrenal - addisons ln - swelling GI - ascites BM - anaemia skin - lupus vulgaria
features of sarcoid
non-caseating granulomas affects: lungs - scattered granulomas, heal with fibrosis LN - hilar and mediastinal spleen liver - giant cells of langerhans heart
pathology of IgG4 related disease
inflammation dominated by IgG4 antibody producing plasma cells
fibrosis, obliteration of veins
plasma cell rich infiltrate
effects of IgG4 related disease
salivary and lacrimal glands - mikulicz syndrome thyroid - riedel thyroiditis peritoneum - retroperitoneal fibrosis liver - biliary obstruction pancreas - AI pancreatitis mass lesions - inflammatory pseudotumour
effects of alcohol
liver - steatosis, steatohepatotis, cirrhosis, liver cell cancer
GI tract - acute gastritis, oesophageal varices
NS - peripheral neuropathy
CV - dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertension, atheroma
pancreas - acute pancreatitis, chronic
FAS
cancer - oral, pharynx, oesophagus, liver, breast
features of cycstic fibrosis
pancreas - duct obstrution salivary glands - obstruction intestine - meconium ileus liver - biliary obstruction lung - bronchial obstruction male genital - infertility, absence of the vas
what is amyloid
deposition of abnormal proteinaceous substance in non branching fibrils - 7.5-10nm diameter
B pleated sheet
resistant to enzymatic degradation
types of amyloid
AA - from serum amyloid A eg crohns , rheumatoid arthritis
AL - derived from light chains - MM, B cell lymphoma
how can amyloid be classified
transthyretin - eg mutation
B 2 macroglobulin - peritoneal dialysis
Aeta2 - alzheimers
insulin, calcitonin - endocrine
staining in amyloidosis
congo red
apple green birefringence under polarised light
clinical features of amyloidosis
proteinuria, renal failure restrictive cardiomyopathy autonomic neuropathy CTS macroglossia bleeding on injury
