Histopathology 1: Fundamentals of histology

Question 1

List 2 histological features of Squamous cell carcinomas ?

Answer 1

Keratin production

Intracellular bridges

Question 2

List 2 histological features of Adenocarcinoma ?

Answer 2

Gland forming

Mucin production

Question 3

Which part of oesophagus tends to get Squamous cell carcinomas ?

Answer 3

Upper 1/3

Question 4

Which stain identifies haemochromatosis ?

Answer 4

Prussian blue (Pearls stain)

Question 5

Neutrophil infiltration shows ………. inflammation

Answer 5

Acute
Multilobed nuclei
Granules

Question 6

List 3 situations in which you see eosinophils ?

Answer 6

• allergic reactions
• parasite infections
• Hodgkins lymphoma

churg-strauss

bi-lobed nucleus with red granules

Question 7

Which cells form granulomas ?

Answer 7

Macrophages

Question 8

Name a disease in which you get caseating granulomas ?

Answer 8

TB

Question 9

lymphocytes are associated with…

Answer 9

chronic inflammation and lymphomas

little cytoplasm, big nucleus

Question 10

what causes feline oesophagus

Answer 10

horizontal striae in o often caused by food allergens

Question 11

lots of mast cells in the epidermis is suggestive of…

Answer 11

urticaria

mast cells = large, lots of granules

Question 12

what are macrophages associated with

Answer 12

late acute inflammation 
chronic inflammation (inc granulomas)

(have loads of cytoplasm)

Question 13

when do you know if a sputum sample is sufficient

Answer 13

see pigmented macrophages is the sample - shows it has come from the alveoli

Question 14

list 4 causes of granulomas

Answer 14

TB 
leprosy 
cat scratch fever
fungal infections 
sarcoidosis

Question 15

what are carcinomas and name 3 types

Answer 15

malignant tumours of EPITHELIAL CELLS

SCC - keratin + IC bridges (+ swirls of keratin)

Adenocarcinoma - mucin (stains) and glands

TCC

Question 16

list sites of SCC

Answer 16

skin 
head+ neck 
oesophagus 
anus 
cervix
vagina

Question 17

sites of origin of adenocarcinoma

Answer 17

lung 
breast 
stomach 
colon 
pancreas

Question 18

what stain is used for melanin

Answer 18

fontana

Question 19

histochemical vs immunohistochemical stain

Answer 19

histo - reaction between stain and tissue (H+E)

immuno - using antibodies against specific antigens

Question 20

… stain shows up amyloid

Answer 20

congo red
look under polarised light
produces apple-green birefringence
suggests amyloidosis

Question 21

when would you use cytokeratin AB

Answer 21

all epithelial cells have cytokeratin

Question 22

what is CD45 used to mark

Answer 22

lymphoid cells