Histopathology Flashcards
Histopathologist vs cytopathologist
Deals with tissues vs deals with cells
Biopsies?
Small sections of tissues placed in formalin for preservation by cross linking proteins
Primarily used for diagnoses
Resection specimens?
Taken from tissue removed from surgery for a biopsy
Primarily used for disease stages
Frozen sections?
Taken during surgery and examined by pathologists in real time
Tissue frozen by a cryostat for rapid diagnosis
Fine Needle Aspirate?
Technique used to penetrate inaccessible tissues without surgery, but cannot comment on overall architecture
Which of the following stains are used to help with the diagnosis of a tuberculosis infection?
Ziehl-Neelsen
Which molecules are conjugated to the Fc region of an antibody for their use in flow cytometry?
Fluorophores
Order these from quickest to slowest
Resection tissue
Biopsy
Frozen section
Frozen section
Biopsy
Resection tissue
Conjugations?
Enzymes, fluorescent proteins (fluorophores), magnetic beads and drugs
2 methods of diagnosis?
Direct and indirect detection (secondary antibody)
3 uses of manufactured antibodies?
Blood group serology
Immunoassays- detection of hormones
Immunodiagnosis- infectious diseases etc
ELISA?
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay:
Clinical samples adhere to plastic plate
Prove with specific antiobody rasied against molecule of interest
Enzyme conjugation generates a coloured product
Reference to standard curve determines concentration of molecule
Flow Cytometry?
Cells labelled with differently conjugated Abs
Run as a stream of single cells through a laser beam(s)
Colour of light emitted and forward or side scatter of beam denotes identity of cell surface molecules and size and granulity of cells
