Historical Figures Flashcards
Napoleon Bonaparte, nationalism.
Vladimir Lenin, revolutionary socialism, communism.
Karl Marx, socialism, communism
Aristotle, democracy factious unstable and short-lived system of government susceptible to the tyranny of the majority, best system polity or republic.
Aristotle, democracy short-lived, susceptible to the tyranny of the majority, best system polity, republic.
Winston Churchill, Tory(conservative) democracy, conservatism.
Niccolo Machiavelli, republican, understanding of mixed government, a virtuous citizenry? And the rule of law(ideas bea come the republic we know as US), system of popular rule by a virtuous and vigilant citizenry bend on protecting its liberty, missed government, virtuous citizen try, rule of law
Thomas Hobbes, liberalism, proto-liberalism. competition, difference, glory, individuals in state of nature (all free no government, no rules) rationally assent to form a government (social contract) yo provide basic security (protection from imminent death, violence, theft)
John Locke, liberalism, frame Thomas Hobbes (state of nature, social contract to establish a political structure to protect) natural rights to life, liberty, and property. Limited government and right of revolution.
John Stuart Mill, liberalism, individual liberty, venerated by neoliberals and libertarians
Adam Smith, liberalism and capitalism, government little to do with economic exchange, invisible hand directs private interests toward common interest of society. Night watchman state of government? Military, courts, ports & roads.
Otto Von Bismarck, iron chancellor of Germany, neither liberal nor Democrat and not socialist, nationalism?
T.H.Green, welfare liberalism, overcoming the obstacles such as poverty? Illness, prejudice, ignorance, etc, would require active government assistance.
John Maynard Keynes, theory supported welfare liberalism’s active government, welfare state, “fine tune” national economies by taxing heavily and running a surplus during good years and taxing less heavily and running a deficit during lean years.
William Lyon Mackenzie King, Canadian Liberal Party, welfare liberalism, unemployment insurance, universal health care and pensions.
Wilfrid Laurier, liberal, lost 1911 election over the free trade and nation building initiatives of the conservatives under John A. Macdonald.
Rene Levesque, nationalism, political independence of Quebec.
John A. MacDonald, traditionalist conservative, red Tories, Wilfred Laurier lost 1911 election to him, formed alliance with George-Etienne Cartier, both deeply conservative in Burkean sense of “throne and alter”, founded Canadian Conservative Party
William Lyon Mackenzie, liberal, rebellions of 1837 upper Canada, American-style direct elections for members of the provincial executive and members of the judiciary.
Louis-Joseph Papineau, liberal, rebellions of 1837 lower Canada, responsible government
Franklin D. Roosevelt, welfare liberalism, the new deal.
Pierre Elliott Trudeau, liberal, response to Quebec nationalism: asset the primacy of the individual as the bearer of rights, rejecting the “group rights” claims aid Rene Levesque.
Edmund Burke, traditionalist conservatism (“toryism”), political philosophy of imperfection, reactionary
George-Etienne Cartier, traditionalist conservatism, formed alliance with John A Macdonald.
John Strachan, traditional conservatism, bishop of Toronto.
George Parkin Grant, conservatism and nationalism, lament for a nation.
Stephen Harper, neoconservatism, conservative party of Canada,
Preston manning, right wing populism Reform party, merged with the Christian Right to become the Canadian Alliance in 2000
Joseph McCarthy, conservatism, red scare.
Margaret Thatcher, individualist conservatism, “no such thing as society…individuals” Under Margaret thatcher in Uk and Ronald Reagan in Us l, an ideology of free markets and limiter government based on shaky and Friedman, Neoliberalism, rose to prominence.
Ronald Reagan, individualist conservative. Under Margaret thatcher in Uk and Ronald Reagan in Us l, an ideology of free markets and limiter government based on Hayek and Friedman, Neoliberalism, rose to prominence.
Noam Chomsky, contemporary anarchism
Friedrich Engels, socialism?, claimed Marxism.
William Godwin, first thinker to systematize anarchist principles, husband of leading feminist Mary Wollstonecraft. 1 fundamental motivator not selfishness or greed but benevolence, society make people behave selfishly not human nature 2. The state exists to protect private property
Emma Goldman, anarchism and feminism, religion and private property and the institution of marriage obstacles to liberty. Shackles of religion, property, and government
Karl Marx, socialism, did not consider himself Marxist, materialist theory of history(material forces of production, social relations of production, ideological superstructure), 3 main critiques of capitalism (1. Outmoded, outlived its usefulness 2. Alienated workers from frost it of labour 3. Internal contradictions) , dialectic of change, revolutionary sequence
Thomas More, utopian socialist, Utopia
Robert Owen, utopian socialist, crime result of deformed social system, education. experimental socialist communities, vision of societies dived into small, self-sufficient, self-governing communities, highly decentralized forms of socialism.
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, anarchism, property is theft
Mary Wollstonecraft, liberal feminism, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, husband William Godwin anarchism.
Edward Bernstein, non-revolutionary socialism, revisionist Marxism formed the basis of democratic socialism, evolutionary socialism, criticisms: moral, political, economic,
Tommy Douglas, democratic socialism, Saskatchewan free hospital care, New Democratic Party leader
Chiang Kai-Shek, nationalist?, Maoism CCP defeated the nationalist army of generalissimo Chiangmai Kai-shel and seized state power in 1949
Lester B. Pearson, liberal, Liberal Prime minister pushed by Timmy Douglas to implement the Canada Pension Plan, student loans, and universal healthcare 1963-1968
Leon Trotsky, red army, orthodox Marxist, revolutionary Marxism(Leninism), Trotskyism
J.S. Woodsworth, democratic socialism, corporatist commonwealth federation CCF, through parliamentary means
Susan B. Anthony, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, first wave feminism.
Betty Friedan, second wave feminism, liberal feminism, frustration confined women as housewives and mothers
Adelaide Hoodless, first wave feminism, liberal? feminism
Bell Hooks, third wave feminism
Germaine Greer, second wave, the female Eunuch helped stimulate racial feminism theorizing.
Kate Millet, 2nd wave, early radical feminists.
Nellie Mooney Mcclung, 1st wave, famous 5, relied on liberal principle.
Louise Crummy McKinney, famous 5, first wave, liberal principle
Emily Murphy, famous 5, 1st wave feminism, liberal principle
Emmeline Pankhurst, 1st wave, with daughter christabel womens social and political union.
Christabel Pankhurst, 1st wave, mother Emmeline, womens social and political union
Christine De Pisan, the city of ladies ideas taken up by Mary Wollstonecraft, predecessor of 1st wave
Irene Marryat Parlby, famous 5, 1st wave, liberal principle
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, early 1st wave
Gloria Steinem, 3rd wave, feminist is anyone who recognizes the equality and full humanity of women and men.
Emily Stowe, first female doctor in Canada
Agnes Mcphail, famous 5, 1st wave, liberal principle, and Nellie mcclung amongst the most wellknown members is the famous 5 in Canada
Milton Friedman, neoliberalism, subsequent work to intellectual origin of Friedrich Hayek.
Friedrich Hayek, neoliberalism, the road of serfdom intellectual origin, competition does easy with the need for any conscious control, can turn to another when one refuses to satisfy wishes, minimal government services compatible with liberal principles (no monopoly, taxation raised on uniform principles not a means of redistributing income, collective wants being satisfied)
Jan Narveson, contemporary libertarian, elements of libertarianism (not to provide others with such good as necessities of life, not to interfere with the truly free marketV general duty to to compete with voluntary associations, all liberty rights negative)
Robert Nozick, libertarianism, make it entitled to it, acquire justly can transfer, property rights trump utilitarian considerations, contractarusnism (principles of morality direct every persons conducts that are reasonable for all to accept, morality a set of demands that will make everyone better off it they are met by everyone)
Mancur Olson, neoliberal economic theorist, Subsequent work of intellectual origin. Individuals form interest groups at collective benefits or public goods, individuals rational utility maximizers, free-rider problem, let others make the sacrifices, larger the group(smaller fraction of total group benefit, gain less, greater cost of organization)
Ron Paul, libertarianism, non-intervention or non-aggregation l, respect for property rights
Tommy Dauglas, democratic socialism, progressives (left-wing populists) joined with the CCF led by Tommy Dauglas in 1930s.
Tommy Dauglas, democratic socialism, progressives (left-wing populists) joined with the CCF led by Tommy Dauglas in 1930s. free hospital care Saskatchewan,
Doug Ford, right-wing populist
Rob Ford, right-wing populist
Adolfo Hitler, nazism = fascism + racism, fascism rejected both liberal and socialism, rejected faith in human reason (foundation of liberalism and socialism), rejected liberal focus on individual and socialist focus on classes, favour totalitarian whole, nation led only a single party and a strong leader, favour rapid and dramatic change,
Benito Mussolini, fascism in Italy, sentiment to increase power of fascist power, outlawed all other parties, make Italy great power through Lilith strength and national unity, corpotaticism (encourage industrial production though this policy, property remain in private hands but to public use). fascism rejected both liberal and socialism, rejected faith in human reason (foundation of liberalism and socialism), rejected liberal focus on individual and socialist focus on classes, favour totalitarian whole, nation led only a single party and a strong leader, favour rapid and dramatic change,
Josef Stalin, Stalinism as revolutionary marxism, cult of personality, socialism in one country, dialectical materialism. Totalitarianism, extreme kind of nationalism, complete control of government and all social cultural and economic institutions. Fascism
Rachel Carson, environmentalism, trace the Green movement to silent spring, marine biologist, accuse chemical manufacturers and public officials of collusion, deception, and disinformation
Elizabeth May, environmentalism, leader of Green Party until 2019,
Mike Schreiner, environmentalism, leader of Green Party of Ontario.
David Suzuki, environmentalism, Canada’s best known environmentalist
