History Test 4 Flashcards by TheSosa sosas

Frontiersman who blazed the wilderness road through the Cumberland Gap and led settlers into Kentucky and Tennessee

Daniel boone

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Vice president under Adams and Jackson who promoted states rights, resigned vice presidency to represent South Carolina

John C. Calhoun

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Democratic President, served 1829-1837

Andrew Jackson

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Senator from South Carolina who argued for states rights and strict construction of the constitution

Robert Hayne

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Massachusetts senator who strove to preserve the Union , great orator and intellect

Daniel Webster

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Senator from Kentucky who proposed the compromise Tariff of 1833

Henry Clay

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Chief of the Sac and Fox tribes in Illinois and fought the state militia in what became known as Black’s Hawk’s war

Black Hawk

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Radical abolitionist who published the liberator

William Lloyd Garrison

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Former slave who published and abolitionist paper called the North Star

Frederick Douglass

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Led a slave rebellion in Virginia that massacred many innocent people

Nat Turner

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Director of the national bank who caused a financial panic in 1837

Nicholas Biddle

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Democratic President, served 1837-1841

Martin Van Buren

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Whig President (1841), known as OLD TIPPECANOE, died 31 one days after his inaguration

William Henry Harrison

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Vice president who became President when Harrison died, served 1841-1845

John Tyler

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English minister to the United States known for his fairness and the Webster, Ashburton Treaty

Lord Ashburton

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High tariff that benefited the North a the expense of the South, Tarrif of abominations

Tariff of 1828

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A state can decide what is best for the states population under the laws of the constitution, key issue in the 1800’s that often divided congress

states’ rights

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Right of a state to nullify, or cancel, a federal law

nullification doctrine

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The withdrawal of a state form the union

Secession

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An emphasis on the common man and a new spirit defined by Andrew Jackson’s politicals view

Jacksonian Era

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One who believes that the federal government is limited by specific constitutional guidelines, leaving the states all other powers

Strict constructionist

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trusted friends of President Jackson who served as his personal advisers

Kitchen cabinet

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Lowered duties on foreign goods coming into the country

Compromise tariff of 1833

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Gave the president the authority to use the army and navy to enforce tariff laws

Force Bill

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Require Indians living east of the Mississippi River to move west

Indian Removal Act

A close meeting of party leaders, how presidential candidates where chosen before 1832

Caucus

Gave the common people a voice, choosing presidential candidates, how presidential candidates were chosen, starting with the election of 1832

Nominating Convention

System in which the president awards faithful supporters with jobs and appointments

Spoiled System

Design to recharter the national bank, vetoed by Jackson

Bank Charter Bill

Statement issued by president Jackson requiring all public lands to be paid for in gold and silver

Specie Circular

Party formed in opposition to Jackson's powerful Presidency

Whig party

Journey of the Cherokee to Oklahoma following their removal from the East

Trail of Tears

Slave revolt in virginia that resulted in the deaths of many inocent poiple

Nat turner Revolt

Incident when Canadian militia set an American boat on fire, Killing one American

Caroline incident

Settled the U.S. Canadian border in the Northeast; laid the foundation for the longest unfortified and peaceful boundary in the world.

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

Indian Removal Act

1830

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

1842

Defeated the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers

Anthony Wayne

Democratic republican president; served 1801-1809

Thomas Jefferson

French dictator who shut down the Mississippi River to trade and sold the Louisiana Territory to the United States

Napoleón Bonaparte

Negotiated the Louisiana purchase with France

Robert Livingston

Explored the northern half of the Louisiana Territory for President Jefferson

Meriwether Lewis, William Clark

Shoshone woman who accompanied Lewis and Clark as a guide and interpreter

Sacagawea

Explored the southern part of Louisiana; discovered Pikes Peak

Zebulon Pike

Founding Father killed by Aaron bur in a duel

Alexander Hamilton

Vice president of Jefferson who killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel

Aaron Bur

Democratic-Republican President; server 1809-1817

James Maddison

Served as official hostess for President Jefferson and as first Lady for husband James Maddison

Dolley Maddison

Speaker of the house and leading War Hawk from Kentucky

Henry Clay

Organized Indian resistance against American settlers

The Prophet, Tecumseh

Defeated the Indians at the battle of Tippecanoe

William Henry Harrison

American captain who defeated the British at the battle of Lake Erie

Oliver Hazard Perry

Defeated the Creeks at the battle of Horseshoe Bend; defeated the British at the battle of New Orleans

Andrew Jackson

wrote our national anthem, "The Star-Splanged Banner"

Francis Scott Key

Democratic-Republican President; served 1817-1825

James Monroe

Minority President chosen by the House; served 1825-1829

John Quincy Adams

A gap through the mountains that led into Kentucky

Cumberland Gap

Area of salt deposits in Kentucky, valuable because salt was the main preservative

Big Bone Lick

Fort built by Daniel Boone in Kentucky

Boonesborough

Became the first frontier of "western" state in 1792

Kentucky

All the lands north of the Ohio River

Northwest Territory

Became the first state from the North West territory | in 1803

Ohio

An important port on the Mississippi River

New Orleans

Ordered accurate surveys of the North West Territory

Land Ordinance of 1785

Called for Congress to administer the Northwest Territory by appointing a governor and judges

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Jefferson's plan to stop all trade with Europe

Embargo Act

Congressmen, mostly from southern and western states, who called for war whith England

War Hawks

Poem by Francis Scott Key; became the U.S. national anthem

"The Star-Splanged Banner"

Name of the presidential mansion after the war of 1812

White House

National pride

nationalism

Began after War of 1812; marked by national growth and cooperation

Era of good feelings

A tax on European imported goods that protected the American industry

Tariff of 1816

Group of presidents from Virginia who guided our country in the early years of its history; included Washington, Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe

Virginia Dynasty

Admitted Maine as a free state and provided for the admission of Missouri as a slave state, maintaining a balance in the senate while avoiding conflict amongst the states

Missouri Compromise

Prohibited any feature colonization in the new World by European powers

Monroe Doctrine

The most popular candidates from different regions of the country

Favorite sons

Split into two groups, the national; Republicans, who wanted a strong central government, and the Democrats, who supported states' rights

Democratic-Republican Party

Established a boundary between Indian lands and lands open to settlement

Treaty of Greenville

Land purchased from France for 15 000 000 more than doubling the size of the United States

Louisiana Purchase

Begun in an effort to stop the Indians before they gained further strength; led and won by William Henry Harrison

Battle of Tippecanoe

War between Britain and the United States; American victory

War of 1812

U.S. navy defeated the British Great Lakes Fleet and won the control of the War of 1812.

Battle of New Orleans

Ended the war of 1812 (1814)

Treaty of Ghent

A meeting of delegates from the New England states in 1814 who condemned the war with England and declared the right of a state to nullify or repeal an act of Congress

Hartford Convention

Spain cede Florida and gave up its claim to the pacific Northwest.

Adams-Onis Treaty

Louisiana Purchase

1803

War of 1812

1812 - 1814

Treaty of Ghent

1814

Spain cedes Florida to the United States

1819

Missouri Compromise

1820

New York governor who promoted the construction of the Erie Canal

DeWitt Clinton

Developed the first successful steamboat

Robert Fulton

Steamboat pilot and author; better known as Mark Twain

Samuel Clemens

Invented the steel plow

John Deere

Developed the reaping machine

Cyrus McCormick

Improved the power loom and built textile factories in New England

Francis Cabot Lowell

Invented a much-improved sewing machine

Elias Howe

Improved the sewing machine

Isaac Merrit Singer

Invented the telegraph and developed Morse code

Samuel F. B. Morse

"Pathfinder of the Seas" ; pioneer of naval oceanography

Matthew Maury

Entrepreneur responsible for the pain of dental work

Horace Wells

Pioneered the use of painkillers for surgery

Crawford Long, William Morton

First woman physician

Elizabeth Blackwell

Used nitrous oxide to ease the pain of dental work

Horace Wells

Became the commercial center of the nation in the 1800s

New York City

Major commercial center of the nation in the 1800s

New Orleans

Linked the Hudson River with Lake Erie

Erie Canal

Major means of transportation for cotton crops from the plantations of the South to the port of New Orleans

steamboat

Narrow-hulled vessels that dramatically cut travel time

Clipper ships

Most significant development of the transportation revolution; brought speed, efficiency, and ease of transportation that waterways could not provide

steam locomotive

Made plowing prairie grass easier

Steel plow

Made harvesting of grain easier

Reaping machine

Machine used to weave cloth

power loom

Legal rights to inventions

Patents

Most important invention for the safety of coal miners; invented by Sir Humphry Davy

Miner's safety lamp

Conducted electrical currents over wires in a series of coded messages

Telegraph

Developed by Samuel Morse for the telegraph

Morse code

Fastest mail service available before the telegraph

Pony Express

Underwater telegraph cable connecting Newfoundland to Ireland

Transatlantic cable

One who risks personal loss to develop and market new products or ideas

entrepreneur

Medical term to describe the absence of pain

anesthesia

Applied science; the practical use of scientific knowledge

technology

Blight of the Irish potato crop that caused widespread starvation in Ireland; many people migrated to the United States during this time

Potato famine of the 1840s

First successful steamboat

1807

Erie Canal officially opens

1825

First transatlantic cable is laid between Newfoundland and Ireland

1858

History Test 4 Flashcards

(126 cards)