History unit 5 test Flashcards
List and describe three similarities that remained from the Roman republic to the Roman empire.
1) Architecture: Romans blended Greek and Etruscan architectural methods, especially the arch, aqueducts, and columns.
2) Slavery: Romans bought and sold slaves throughout its history. At one point, 1/3 of the population were slaves.
3) Military; Rome had one of the greatest militaries
using their strategic battle formations, and their well trained armies, they retained their military strength.
Summarize Augusts’s achievements
Augustus Caesar is the greatest thing that could have happened to Rome. He stabilized Rome’s government and resolved any issues and flaws Rome had. Augustus efficiently governed Rome by dividing it into 14 city sectors. he then created laws that prevented divorce, childlessness, and remarrying. He established a civil service which includes a paid workers to manage government affairs such as grain supply, tax collection, and the postal system. During his reign Rome had 7 standing armies. Augusts was wealthy enough to donate 170 million to the military treasury in order to pay for regular wage and pension for Rome’s troops. He created a police and first responders force which prevented and put a stop to violence cause by gangs and the frequent fires. He also provided more bathhouses for Rome’s immense population. Lastly, he had many of Rome’s magnificent architectural building built and developed the appreciation for art and literature. For the most part, Augustus rebuilt Rome from the ground up and prepared it for many centuries to come.
Describe which Roman Engineering Achievement you think is most impressive.
The Colosseum is one of the more superior engineered buildings from Rome. It’s astonishing architectural design consisted of many columns and arches to build the surrounding walls, and several trap doors, a total of 36, and hidden entrances that was used for animals when the entered the arena. The Colosseum is constructed of stone that has lasted till this very day. It’s main use was for entertainment such as gladiator fighting, chariot races, animal fighting, and was also used for religious ceremonies. It was able to hold from about 50-80 thousand people. It had a massive storage area that was used to shelter the animals that were used for fighting and a shelter for prisoners who would fight the next day. Lastly it contained many underground tunnels linked to surrounding buildings that helped prepare or set up the horrific activities that occurred.
Evaluate the most important contributing factors that led to the fall of Rome.
The fall of Rome was self inflicted for a numerous number of reasons. It all starts with the hiring of mercenaries which leads to the loss of loyalty/patriotism and increase in debt, Due to the weak leadership, struggle for power, and hiring of mercenaries, this leads to many civil wars that break out which causes poor harvests and unfarmable land. This takes away one of their food resources. The other would have to be their trading network, which gets interrupted and broken because of no military and pirates.Their resource for silver and gold starts to deplete which leads to inflation and a very heavy increase in taxes. The gap between the rich and the poor widens because of the heavy taxes. As near by neighbors notice the instability Rome has and the many civil wars occurring, people such as the huns and vikings decide to attack Rome on all sides.
Summarize the Justinian code
The Justinian code was a legal code created to govern and unify the Byzantium Empire. The Justinian code consists of three parts: the codex, the digest, and the institutes. The codex is codification of existing Roman laws, the digest is a guide for judges and a summary for common law. The institutes are an introduction to the law and the code intended for law students. There are two types of laws in the Justinian code. The penal and civil law. The penal law are punishments(restriction of freedom) for breaking the law.The civil law are punishments(monetary) for harming another person. There are also two areas of law in the Justinian code which are Public and private law. Public law is laws for the government. Private law is laws for individuals.
Compare similarities and differences between Roman Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity.
Roman Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity have the same sources but opposite beliefs and interpretations. For example priests are to live a life of celibacy in the Roman Catholic church, however priests in the Orthodox Christianity church are allowed to marry and have a family. Divorce is not approved in the Roman catholic church however in the othordox church it is. The pope is supreme patriarch of the Roman catholic church which means Catholicism is under his rule. The orthodox church is ruled regionally, only reporting to local patriarchs and bishops. Services were conducted in latin until the 1970’s for the Roman Catholic church. The orthodox church spoke greek and local languages. For Roman Catholicism, communion is received at the age of 8 and for the Orthodox church communion is received right after birth. Believe it or not there are some similarities between the two. both use the bible, have saints, base their faith on the gospel of Jesus and the bible, have the same sacraments, and both seek to convert people.
Summarize the code of 1649
Russian Law Code of the Byzantine Confederacy
Relies dramatically on torture. How to deal with heretics
Codifies self rights/obligations
Regulates foreign travel (passport system)
Harsh punishments, especially for heresy
judicial procedure
lots of church-related laws
death penalty
Evaluate either “Ivan the terrible” or “peter the great”
Peter achieved his goal of westernizing Russia by force. Peter decided to use Western Europe as a model and had a goal of making Russia better than Europe. As the boyars serf system began to deplete, Peter also reduced the power of the great landowners by taking away their land and granting it to people of the lower class. Of course people had their own opinions about whether or not Russia should change, but that didn’t stop him. Despite the strict measures he took, he increased the size of the army, raised women’s status, he expanded Russia which led to the creation of the city, St. Petersburg, and most importantly, he advanced education. The city of St. Petersburg gave Russia a new port for trade and an easier travel route to the West. On a side note, he also introduced potatoes which became a staple of the Russian diet, and he started Russia’s first newspaper.
