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Flashcards in HIV1 Deck (15)
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1
Q

HIV is a member of what subfamily of retroviruses

A

lentiviruses

2
Q

what characterizes lentiviruses

A

indolent infectious cycle

3
Q

what are the differences in HIV-1 and HIV-2

A
HIV-1 = more common in US and Europe, classified in 3 groups
HIV-2 = more common in west African countries
4
Q

what are the 3 major groups of HIV-1

A
  1. M - main
  2. N - New
  3. O - outlier
5
Q

what are 4 risk factors of transmitting HIV

A
  1. index partner- advanced stage of disease
  2. ulcerative STD’s
  3. multiple sex partners
  4. sex partners of illicit drug users
6
Q

what are 4 strategies to reduce risk of perinatal transmission

A

a. No breastfeeding
b. C-Section
c. Decreased maternal viral load
d. Ante partum, intrapartum, and postpartum: therapy with ZDV.

7
Q

what are the 3 viral enzymes of HIV and there function

A
  1. protease (HIV-1) - cleave proteins from precursors
  2. reverse transcriptase - converts RNA to DNA
  3. integrase - unknown
8
Q

what is a chemokine receptor

A

specialized protein that enables chemokines to trigger intercellular processes without entering cell

9
Q

what 3 things interact in a complex way to allow HIV to enter cells

A
  1. CD4
  2. gp120 envelope protein
  3. chemokine receptor
10
Q

what strains of HIV infect macrophages more readily than CD4+ T cells

A

macrophage-tropic HIV strains (M Tropic)

11
Q

what genotype of person are protected against HIV infecion

A

homozygous for CCR5 defect

12
Q

what is CXCR4

A

CXCR4 receptors occur primarily on the surface of both naïve and memory CD4+ T cells

13
Q

what are the common side effects of abacavir (ABC)

A

resistance in pt.s who are HLAB5701 +

resistants symptoms include fever, rash, n/v, abdominal pain, and respiratory symptoms

14
Q

what are 3 trade names of drugs with abacavir in them

A

Ziagen
Trizivir
Epzicom

15
Q

what are the common side effects of didanosine (DDL)

A
pancreatitis
peripheral neuropathy
retinal changes
lactic acidosis
insulin resistance/ DM
cirrhotic portal HTN