HIV is a member of what subfamily of retroviruses
lentiviruses
what characterizes lentiviruses
indolent infectious cycle
what are the differences in HIV-1 and HIV-2
HIV-1 = more common in US and Europe, classified in 3 groups HIV-2 = more common in west African countries
what are the 3 major groups of HIV-1
- M - main
- N - New
- O - outlier
what are 4 risk factors of transmitting HIV
- index partner- advanced stage of disease
- ulcerative STD’s
- multiple sex partners
- sex partners of illicit drug users
what are 4 strategies to reduce risk of perinatal transmission
a. No breastfeeding
b. C-Section
c. Decreased maternal viral load
d. Ante partum, intrapartum, and postpartum: therapy with ZDV.
what are the 3 viral enzymes of HIV and there function
- protease (HIV-1) - cleave proteins from precursors
- reverse transcriptase - converts RNA to DNA
- integrase - unknown
what is a chemokine receptor
specialized protein that enables chemokines to trigger intercellular processes without entering cell
what 3 things interact in a complex way to allow HIV to enter cells
- CD4
- gp120 envelope protein
- chemokine receptor
what strains of HIV infect macrophages more readily than CD4+ T cells
macrophage-tropic HIV strains (M Tropic)
what genotype of person are protected against HIV infecion
homozygous for CCR5 defect
what is CXCR4
CXCR4 receptors occur primarily on the surface of both naïve and memory CD4+ T cells
what are the common side effects of abacavir (ABC)
resistance in pt.s who are HLAB5701 +
resistants symptoms include fever, rash, n/v, abdominal pain, and respiratory symptoms
what are 3 trade names of drugs with abacavir in them
Ziagen
Trizivir
Epzicom
what are the common side effects of didanosine (DDL)
pancreatitis peripheral neuropathy retinal changes lactic acidosis insulin resistance/ DM cirrhotic portal HTN