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HM Advancement - Blakeslee > HM Manual Chapter 22 Poisoning and Drug Abuse > Flashcards

HM Manual Chapter 22 Poisoning and Drug Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

What is the acronym MEDIC?

A

Medical, Environmental Diagnosis, Intelligence and Counter Measure

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2
Q

What term describes a substance that, when introduced into the body it produces a harmful effect on normal body structures or functions?

A

poison

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3
Q

What is the study of poisons, their actions, their detection, and the treatment of the conditions produced by them?

A

Toxicology

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4
Q

Most ingested poisons produce symptoms within how many hours?

A

four

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5
Q

Less than ___% of poisons have specific antidotes?

A

5%

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6
Q

What is the most common route of poison exposure?

A

Ingestion

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7
Q

What term describes the local effect acidic poisons have?

A

corrosive

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8
Q

What term describes the local effect basic poisons have?

A

caustic

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9
Q

What type of syndrome would you suspect in a patient with dry skin, increased heart rate, dilated pupils, fever, urinary retention, decreased bowel sounds, and CNS excitation?

A

Anticholinergic

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10
Q

What type of syndrome would you suspect in a patient with increased salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI cramping, emesis, and muscle weakness and fasciculations?

A

Cholinergic

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11
Q

how many glasses of milk or water should you have a conscious victim drink to dilute ingested poison?

A

1-2

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12
Q

What are some common acids that may cause poisoning?

A

hydrochloric
nitric
oxalic
sufuric

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13
Q

What are some common alkalies that may cause poisoning?

A

Ammonia
Lime
Lye
Carbolic

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14
Q

What are some common phenols that may cause poisoning?

A

Creosol

Creosote

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15
Q

What is the most common agent of gas poisoning?

A

carbon monoxide

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16
Q

What treatment is preferred for ingested poisons when the patient is poisoned by strychnine or is subject to seizures?

A

Gastric lavage

17
Q

What are some cathartics commonly used to treat ingested poisonings?

A

magnesium sulfate

sorbitol

18
Q

How would you treat a patient who ingested a petroleum distillate if you could not reach poison control or physician for guidance?

A

30-60 ml of vegetable oil

19
Q

What is the abbreviation MFF?

A

Metal fume fever

20
Q

What is the most common cause of metal fume fever in the Navy?

A

inhalation of vaporized zinc found in the galvanized covering of iron and steel

21
Q

What is the dose for epinephrine for severe allergic reactions?

A

1: 1000
0. 5ml for adults
0. 1-.03 ml for children

22
Q

Which scorpion in the United States causes the most severe effects?

A

Bark Scorpion

23
Q

What species is the Bark Scorpion?

A

Centruroides exilicuada

24
Q

Where is the Bark Scorpion found?

A

Mexico and Southwest region

25
Q

What can be given the relieve muscle cramps when a patient has sustained a scorpion sting?

A

Calcium gluconate 10ml of 10% solution

26
Q

What can be given to control excitability and convulsions in a patient who has sustained a scorpion sting?

A

Benozdiazepines (Valium and Midazolam)

27
Q

What is the species name for the black widow?

A

Latrodectus mactans

28
Q

What is the species name for brown recluse?

A

Loxoseceles recluse

29
Q

In what spider can you find a red hourglass shaped spot on its belly?

A

female black widow

30
Q

In what spider can you find a violin-shaped marking?

A

brown recluse

31
Q

What are the five venomous families of snakes?

A 
Viperidae
Elapidae
Hydrophidae
Colubridae
Atractaspididae
32
Q

Stings from which fish have been known to cause fatalities?

A

Stonefish
Zebrafish
Scorpionfish

33
Q

What are the most dangerous types of coelenterates?

A

Sea wasp or box jellyfish and Portuguese man-of-war

34
Q

What should be used to prevent further discharge of nematocyst stinging?

A

vinegar (dilute acetic acid)

35
Q

Which octopus releases neuromuscular block called tetrodotoxin?

A

the blue ringed octopus

HM Advancement - Blakeslee (52 decks)

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