HOA Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
The primitives were defenseless against wind and rain.
A
ARCHITECTURE BEGAN AS RESPONSE TO NATURE
2
Q
Kept savage animals away from cave habitats
A
FIRE
3
Q
-Marked human territory
-Site for rituals and gatherings
A
CARVING OUT SPACE
4
Q
-Initiated architectural revolution
-Stone tools for cutting wood, plant
stems, fibrous materials
A
COMING OUT OF THE CAVES
5
Q
Fibro-constructive technology helped develop the tent-like shelters made of____________________,____________________,____________________ and constructed through____________________,____________________,and_______________
A
wooden skeleton, vegetative fiber, or animal skin
binding, weaving, and lashing.
6
Q
The earliest form of human habitation (Homo Sapiens)
Required minimal site work and modifications
A
cave dwellings
7
Q
Earliest cave dwellers in the Philippines are the_______________ people (offspring of the ice age)
A
Pleistocene
8
Q
The largest and most antiquated cave dwelling in the Philippines
30,000 years
A
Tabon Cave Complex
9
Q
Lipuun Point, SW Palawan
138 hectares
A
Tabon Cave Complex
10
Q
Human bone fossils found from 22,000 to
24,000 years ago was discovered in the
1960s by a team of archaeologists headed
by_______________of the National
Museum.
A
Dr. Robert B. Fox
11
Q
Tabon cave portal dimension
Interior depth
A
16 meters wide, 8 meters height
41 meters
12
Q
name of the large-footed bird that lay eggs in huge holes, most of which are found in the cave.
A
“tabon”
13
Q
people still live and occupy the caves at present (some move to wooden houses in the fields where they cultivate food)
A
Tau’t Batu
14
Q
basic sleeping platform
A
Datag
15
Q
Made of tree branches and dried leaves
Raised slightly above ground
With fireplace in close proximity
A
Datag
16
Q
Sleeping platform with wall(s) on the side(s) facing the wind leaving the opening towards the fireplace
Roof is provided to protect the datag from the rain
A
Complex Datag
17
Q
rock shelter in pre-Spanish period (discovered 1965 by NA for murals Carlos V. Francisco)
A
ANGONO CAVES, RIZAL
18
Q
discovered ANGONO CAVES, RIZAL in 1965
A
Carlos V. Francisco
19
Q
These inscriptions clearly show stylized human figures, frogs and lizards, along with other designs that may have depicted other interesting figures.
A
Petroglyphs
20
Q
There are ___________ human and animal figures engraved on the rock wall probably carved during the late Neolithic.
A
127
21
Q
Known as “idjang”
A
MOUNTAIN CITADELS OF SAVIDUG, BATANES
22
Q
A testimony of defensive engineering of the early Ivatan settlers
Carved out of hard limestone formation to create vertical walls
A
MOUNTAIN CITADELS OF SAVIDUG, BATANES
23
Q
Evidences of settlement in MOUNTAIN CITADELS OF SAVIDUG, BATANES
A
clay shards from cooking utensils
24
Q
Utilized readily available materials with limited investment in time and energy
Constant movement
Portable and demountable requisites in design and construction.
A
Temporary shelter
25
-Windscreen or windshield
-Set up before commencing a hunting or food-gathering journey
-An early dwelling of the Aeta of Pampanga and Zambales
WINDBREAK (Lean-to shelter)
26
Tripod construction
Light branches and palm fronds
Built along streams and coastlines during dry months.
Can be readily moved to higher grounds during rainy season, and the floor can be elevated to knee-high level as protection against wetness and humidity and for better air circulation.
pinanahang
27
Low, unwalled sheds which have floor spaces more than 4.5 square meters
Lean-to shelter of the Casiguran Dumagat
28
Concept: Areas for sleeping are prepared by removing protruding rocks, compacting the earth to level the ground, and making use of leaves under mats as cushion.
Lean-to shelter of the Ebuked Agta
29
is a simple windscreen used by the Mamanua people of NE Mindanao when hunting.
-Made of banana leaves, coconut fronds, or grass lashed together with rattan.
-When they stay longer in a place, they modify the basic structure and build a platform.
Dait-dait
30
typical lean-to shelter of the Pinatubo Aeta
Hawong
31
has no living platform and is usually constructed with a ridgepole supported by forked stakes or limbs.
It forms two sloping sides with one or both ends open
Hawong
32
DWELLING HIGH ON TREES
ARBOREAL SHELTERS
33
DWELLING HIGH ON TREES
Used by:
Gaddang of Luzon
Kalinga of Luzon
Manobo of Mindanao
Mandaya of Mindanao
Maranao of Lake Lanao
34
Perched on forked branches of trees (6-12-18 meters above ground)
Highly elevated to protect families living in isolated communities from the attack of animals and human enemies.
Usually found in areas where intertribal conflicts and nocturnal raids are frequent.
DWELLING HIGH ON TREES
35
-Rectangular frame
-Hipped roof
-Paneled walls
-Floors built with strong joists to form a platform
-A large tree is lopped off approximately 7.50 meters above ground, and the whole house is constructed on tree stumps.
Manobo Tree House
36
Simply rests on the limbs of the trees
Its shape, size adapt to the features of the supporting branches
TYPE A Mandaya Tree House
37
-Sturdily built
-Built on tree stumps, 4.5-6.0 meters above ground
-A tree with buttress roots is chosen as much as possible
-Slender poles are used for additional support – these may rise to form the corner and intermediate posts of the house.
-Floor crossbeams are lashed to the poles using rattan, overlaid with beaten bark.
-Above the flooring are the supporting poles that form the framework for attaching nipa palm wall panels.
-King post supports the roof ridge, pole rafters extend over the walls
-Roofing is thatched with nipa palm
-Ladder with lashed crosspieces
-The house is anchored via rattan line to nearby trees to reduce vibration
Туре В Mandaya Tree House
38
-The Negritos are believed to be the first inhabitants of the Philippines, according to Anthropologists.
-They first lived in the tropical rainforests of Zambales Province in tree houses
-They built their tree houses on trees that have little or no lower branches (eucalyptus) 6-10 meters above the ground.
-Higaonon Tribe were reportedly found in the 1970s to have lived in a complex of tree houses connected by catwalks that led to a centrally located communal area.
Negrito Tree House
39
-They built their tree houses on trees that have little or no lower branches ___________ 6-10 meters above the ground.
eucalyptus
40
Reportedly found in the 1970s to have lived in a complex of tree houses connected by catwalks that led to a centrally located communal area.
Higaonon Tribe
41
believed to be the first inhabitants of the Philippines, according to Anthropologists.
Negritos
42
used for additional support – these may rise to form the corner and intermediate posts of the house.
Slender poles
43
Floor crossbeams are lashed to the poles using ________, overlaid with beaten _________.
rattan, bark
44
The earliest form of human
Homo Sapiens
45
term broadly applied to denote indigenous, folk, ethnic, or traditional architecture found among the different ethnolinguistic communities in the Philippines.
Vernacular architecture
46
Majority of vernacular built forms are DWELLINGS
Permanent
Makeshift
Constructed by the home owners themselves
Constructed by the community members
Constructed by local specialized builders or craftsmen
Granaries
Fortifications
Places of Worship
Ephemeral (short lived) and
Demountable structures
Contemporary urban shanties
47
From the Latin "vernaculus" which means
NATIVE
48
refers to the grammar (structural rules), syntax (principles), and diction (style) in expressing buildings in a locale, while signifying the diverse range of building traditions in a region.
Vernacular
49
Built to meet specific needs: accommodation of values, economies, and ways of living of the culture that produced them
-Demonstrates the achievements and limitations of early technology
-Handcrafted, no assistance from professionals
-Utilized technologies learned through
tradition
-Perfected through an evolutionary process (trial and error)
-Modifications can be effectively executed as long as the changes are not too great or sudden.
-They stand as paradigms of man-made order to respond to nature
VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
50
Non-formal architecture
Constructed by indigenes
INDIGENOUS ARCHITECTURE
51
Buildings designed by unknown and non-canonic architects
ANONYMOUS ARCHITECTURE
52
Issues of class differentiation
FOLK ARCHITECTURE
53
Reflects exoticization of the residual ethnolinguistic other by the dominant cosmopolitan culture
ETHNIC ARCHITECTURE
54
PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE (Arkitekturang Filipino by Gerard Lico):
1. The builders are _______________architects or engineers
NONPROFESSIONAL
55
PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE (Arkitekturang Filipino by Gerard Lico):
2. There is _______________ to the geographical environment USING NATURAL MATERIALS
CONSONANT ADAPTATION ,
56
PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE (Arkitekturang Filipino by Gerard Lico):
2. There is _______________ to the geographical environment USING NATURAL MATERIALS
CONSONANT ADAPTATION ,
57
PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE (Arkitekturang Filipino by Gerard Lico):
3.The actual process of construction involves ______________ thinking, done without blueprints, and is open to later modifications
INTUITIVE
58
PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE (Arkitekturang Filipino by Gerard Lico):
4. There is ____________between social/economic functionality and aesthetic features
BALANCE
59
PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE (Arkitekturang Filipino by Gerard Lico):
5. Architectural patterns and styles are subject to a protracted evolution of traditional styles specific to an ________________
ETHNIC DOMAIN.
60
Refers to the “pure" Southeast Asian type of domestic architecture found in the non-Hispanized, non-Anglo-Saxon communities around the country.
The origin of Philippine architecture
BALAI
61
Archetypal tropical characteristics:
Elevated living floor
Bouyant rectangular volume
Raised pile foundation
Voluminous thatched roof
62
The inventor of the new structural technique
William Le Baron Jenny
63
William Le Baron Jenny made a possible first all-steel skeleton framed skyscraper (1884) in Chicago.
HOME INSURANCE BUILDING
64
Badjao stealth house
luma
65
signifies a public meeting house
balay
66
refers to a house that assumes a
variety of meanings a storehouse for
grain a hut other than the longhouse
lepo
67
kitchen veranda of a
malay house
bakviranda
68
long slow moving houseboat
with no outrigger
the structure of which is loose and
detachable with long poles attached in
all directions as a framework over an
epi roof may be unrolled
lepa
69
the house term
kamalier is adapted in the philippines
as the kamali or kamarin that generally
refers to a granary storehouse or barn
whereas in oceanic language it denotes a
special men's house
kamalier
70
occurs in the
malaya pollination vocabulary in
reference to the house
far more often reflexes of ban what
denote a territorial domain such as a
land country place settlement inhabited
territory or a village
banwa
71
AN AUSTRONESIAN LEGACY
STILT HOUSES
72
Raised wooden structure
On piles or stilts
Rectangular volume elevated on posts
Thatched roof
Decorative gable-finials shaped like carabao horns
STILT HOUSES
73
The house is a symbolically ordered structure. Key ideas and cultural concerns may be represented:
1. Sacred representation of the ancestors
2. A physical embodiment of group identities
3. Cosmological model of the universe
4. Expression of rank and social status
74
Raise the living floor above the mud and flood waters (monsoon)
Excellent under-floor ventilation in hot weather
Housework is quick and easy as dust can be swept between the gaps in the floor
Underfloor space is used as a pen for domestic animals and place for storing utensils
Shaded daytime workspace
Flexible to survive earthquakes
Raised Pile Foundation
75
The most distinctive (dominant) feature of the Austronesian vernacular form
Outward sloping gables forming saddleback curves
Thatched – grass and palm leaves
Cross gable finials – holds the rafters together at the ridge
Voluminous Thatch Roof
76
Decorated with a horn or crescent shaped _____________stylized like a ____________(bird) or ___________ (dragon) with ___________ (fern-like carving)
"tadjuk pusung", “manuk- manuk", “naga", "ukkil"
77
Use of organic materials
Wood, bamboo, palm leaves, grass thatch, plant fibers
78
Shaping and jointing wooden members without nails
Mortise and tenon; or tongue and groove
79
post buried to the ground or on top of stone foundations
Pile structure
80
Bloodletting ritual
“padugo"
81
Selection of materials and season
Bloodletting ritual “padugo"
Coins embedded into the base of house post for prosperity
Rituals
82
in selecting the site for the house, omens, dreams, and oracles are considered.
Manobo
83
house should be built according to the Tausug calendar (ie, Al-haj (time of pilgrimage to Mecca), Julkayida (the period allows the owner to have a bountiful livestock and harvest and also financial success), or Juamdil Auwal.
Tausug
84
the father of the household kneels in prayer (at sunset) where the house is to be built
Ilokano
85
The prospect of building a house with one's own hands will always remain trivial in a highly industrialized setting.
INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS
86
are built by their own inhabitants, no blueprints, using materials from the environment - however because of difficult circumstances, little to no attention is paid on aesthetics.
Shanties
87
Massive migrations to the city have produced vernacular renaissance
true
88
formal settlements (squatters) can be defined as improvised residential communities in urban areas.
false
89
occupy lands without the owner's consent but have sufficient income for legitimate housing.
Professional squatters
90
Informal Settler Families (ISF)
squatters
91
vernacular means, drawing materials from its immediate site, therefore recycling, surplus, or salvaged building materials are utilized. This requires improvisation of skills to transform and reuse expensive, discarded materials into a domestic space, in the shortest time possible.
false
