Holism Vs Reductionsim

Question 1

Holism

Answer 1

We should examine induviduals complex behaviour

By taking to consideration all aspects of their experience

Including culture and social context

Question 2

Example Of Holism

Answer 2

Risk factor in addictions

Family and peer considers social context and how this increases vureblitiy to an addiction

Question 3

Reductionism

Answer 3

Assumption that complex human behviour should be explained in simplest terms possible

E.g breaking it down into smaller components

Question 4

Biological reduction

Answer 4

Explaining human behviour by narrowing to basic biological systems e.g genetic

Bio exp sz -reduces sz down to inheritance maladaptive genes e.g PCM1

Question 6

Environmental reductionism

Answer 6

Simplifies complex human behviour down to learning through stimulas response associated

E.g learning theory

Question 7

Levels of explanation

Answer 7

Refers to how explanation of human behaviour can vary from this at a lower fundamental leave to those on a higher more holistic level

Question 8

Highest level

Answer 8

Considers socials and cultural explanations

Where behviour is explained in terms of social groups

Question 9

Mid level explanation

Answer 9

Focuses on how psychological and environmental factors influence behviours

Question 10

Lowest level of explanation

Answer 10

Extreme reductionism which explained complex human behviour by breaking it down into smaller components parts

Question 11

Holism or reductionism is asks if it’s appropriate to look at one level or more than one level fro example sz

Answer 11

Can be explained by various levels of explanation

Sochi-cultural context: family dysfunction

Psychological level: dysfunctional thought processing

Biological level: nuerochemical level

All these are ettempts to explain human behviour but at different levels

Not explanation on its own can be taken as correct thus several explanation at several levels will be more appropriate

Question 12

Holistic/Holism level of explanation strength

Answer 12

Explaining aspect of human behviours which only occur in social contexts

E.g conformity into social roles cannot be understoood at level of individual group members , because it’s created from an interaction between people

Thus it’s important to take a holistic veiw in order to explain human behviour

Question 13

Holistic a apporach does not use scientific methods to investigate human behviour

Answer 13

Unlike the reductionism apporach.

This is because as explanation becomes more complex and more holistic they become more vague

Unlike reductionism explanations such as biological apporach which conducts objective methods to establish cause and effects

Thus reductionist apporach to understanding human behviour may be more favoured due to increase in internal validity than the holistic apporaches.