Homeostasis

Question 1

This hormone:
-Is a steroid hormone released from the adrenal cortex
-Responds to low blood pressure by stimulating the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular cells
-Makes the distal convoluted tube and collecting duct reabsorb sodium

Answer 1

Aldosterone

Question 2

This hormone:
-Is a peptide hormone released from the hypothalamus
-Responds to high blood osmolarity
-Allows water to be absorbed by the collecting duct

Answer 2

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 3

This part of the nephron is the final reabsorption point in the kidneys. It concentrates urine, has variable permeability of water based on hydration status, and responds to antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone

Answer 3

Collecting duct

Question 4

These are macrophages found in the skin

Answer 4

Langerhorn cells

Question 5

This part of the nephron responds to aldosterone and secretes waste products

Answer 5

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 6

This part of the nephron is broken into two loops (ascending and descending), connects to the proximal convoluted tubule, and focuses on the volume and concentration of urine produced

Answer 6

Loop of Henle

Question 7

This loop in the Loop of Henle is only permeable to water and passes through the medulla, where it progressively increases the concentration of water pushed out (which helps increase the concentration of filtrate)

Answer 7

Descending loop

Question 8

This loop in the Loop of Henle is only permeable to salts and reabsorbs sodium and chloride into the mitochondria

Answer 8

Ascending loop

Question 9

This part of the nephron focuses on particle identity and reabsorption. It reabsorbs amino acids, glucose, water soluble vitamins, and returns particles to the blood stream via the interstitium (connective tissue around the nephron)

Answer 9

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 10

The internal sphincter is made of ____ muscle while the external sphincter is made of ____ muscle

Answer 10

Smooth (is normally contracted)

Skeletal (is controlled consciously)

Question 11

This muscle in the bladder controls when urine is excreted

Answer 11

Sphincter

Question 12

This is the muscular lining of the bladder. It contracts with parasympathetic activity

Answer 12

Detrusor muscle

Question 13

What is the blood flow in the kidneys? Starting with the renal artery and ending with the renal vein

Answer 13

Rental artery –> afferent arterioles –> glomerulus –> efferent arterioles –> vasa recta –> renal vein

Question 14

These are the capillary tufts derived from afferent arterioles. In the blood flow, they’re in between the afferent and efferent arterioles

Answer 14

Glomeruli