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Flashcards in Hormones Deck (41)
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1
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Produces many hormones that regulate body conditions
“Master gland” located in the brain
Hormones released act on other glands to release hormones to bring about change

2
Q

Thyroid

A

Produces thyroxine

Regulates rate of metabolism, heart rate, temperature

3
Q

Adrenal Gland

A

Produces adrenaline

Prepares body for “fight or flight” response

4
Q

Pancreas

A

Produces insulin

Regulates blood glucose level

5
Q

Ovaries

A

Produces oestrogen

Involved in menstraul cycle

6
Q

Testes

A

Produces testosterone

Controls puberty and sperm production

7
Q

Insulin

A

Lowers blood sugar levels

Glucose absorbed by cells

8
Q

Glucagon

A

Increases blood sugar levels

Produces glucose as liver breaks down glucogen to glucose

9
Q

Diabetes

A

Chronic disease in which body cant metabolise carbohydrates/glucose effectively

10
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Pancreas fails to produce insulin, treated wth insulin injections

11
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

Body cells no longer respond to insulin, treated wth carbohydrate controlled diet (obesity is risk factor)

12
Q

Hypoglycaemic

A

Blood glucose levels too low

O dear i need sugar

13
Q

Hyperglycaemic

A

Blood sugar levels too high

Er i feel sick with sugar

14
Q

Kidney

A

Responsible for controlling water and ion levels in body
Produce urine by filtration of blood
Selective reabsorption pf useful substances

15
Q

Urea

A

Excess amino acids converted to fats and carbohydrates whoch can be stored (deamination)> ammonia waste product> toxic, so converted to urea in liver, transported to kidneys to be excreted by urine

16
Q

Ions

A

Ions taken into body by food, absorbed into blood, right balance of ions is maintained by the kidneys> some reabsorbed and rest is removed by urine

17
Q

Water

A

Balance water by kidneys

18
Q

Kidney Process

A

1) blood enters and kidneys filter blood (proteins too large so remain in blood, water, ions etc absorbed)
2) glucose etc reabsorbed as its useful
3) Loop of Henie, some water reabsorbed and some ions reabsorbed
4) collecting duct- urea in urine, stored in bladder

19
Q

ADH (Anti-Diuretic Hormone)

A

Controls amount of water reabsorbed by kidneys
Secreted frim pituitary gland
Makes membranes of collecting duct more permeable

20
Q

Dialysis Process

A

1) blood removed from kidneys
2) mixed wth blood thinners to prevent clotting
3) seperated by partially permeable membrane, blood flows opposite to dialysis fluids to allow exchange
4) dialysis fluid contains glucose, ions but no urea so urea leaves
5) clean blood pumped back into body

21
Q

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

A

Secreted from pituitary gland
Causes egg in ovary to mature
Surrounded by cells called “follicles”

22
Q

LH (Lutenising Hormone)

A

Stimulates release of egg at ovulation

23
Q

Oestrogen and Progestrone

A

Stimulates build up and maintenance of uterus lining

24
Q

Menstraul Cycle

A

1) uterus lining builds up, becomes thicker
2) egg is released, travels through fallopian tube
3) attaches itself to uterus lining
4) if fertilised, foetus develops, if not, lining sheds and falls out of vagina

25
Q

Oral Contraceptives

A

Contains hormones to inhibit FSH and without FSH, no other hormones will be stimulated and egg will not mature

26
Q

Slow release progestrone

A

Progesterone inhibits FSH which means egg wont mature

27
Q

Diaphragm or cap

A

Prevent sperm from entering uterus

28
Q

Condom

A

Prevent sperm entering uterus and prevent spread of STDs

29
Q

Process of IVF

A

1) FSH and LH injected into mother to stimulate the maturing of multiple eggs
2) remove eggs from ovary
3) sperm and egg placed into test tube and sperm fertilises egg to form and embryo
4) embryo is inserted into uterus

30
Q

Negative feedback

A

Return to norm, it is a correction mechanism that reverses a change

31
Q

Piloerection

A

Hair stands up to warm

32
Q

Pilorelaxation

A

Hair lies flat to cool

33
Q

Auxins

A

Plant hormones controls growth in response to tropisms

Roots: growth occurs wth fewer auxins
Shoots: growth occurs when there are more auxins

34
Q

Tropic responses

A

A directional growth reponse causing movement of part of an organism

35
Q

Phototropism

A

Response to light

36
Q

Hydrotropism

A

Response to water

37
Q

Gravitropism (geotropism)

A

Response to gravity

38
Q

Positive tropism

A

Growth towards stimuli

39
Q

Negative tropism

A

Growth away from stimuli

40
Q

Gibberellin

A

Stimulates plant stems to grow
Controls dormancy
Induces flowering
Grows larger fruit

41
Q

Ethene

A

Stimulates enzymes that cause fruit to ripen