How far did Baldwin II maintain control of Outremer from 1118-1131? Flashcards
(23 cards)
What does it mean to be a usurper?
To take a throne through a rebellion rather than from a pre arranged succession plan.
What does it mean to be a Regent?
To temporarily rule on behalf of a Monarch. Regents are used when a Monarch is too sick, too old, or too young (under 15) to rule alone.
What features of Baldwin II enhanced his legitimacy when he became King of Jerusalem in 1118?
Son of Baldwin I.
What two leaders fought at the Battle of the Fields of Blood 1119 and outside which city did it take place?
Roger of Salerno (Regent of Antioch) and Ilghazi. It took place outside Antioch.
What were the consequences of the Battle of the Fields of Blood 1119 for the Christians/Crusaders?
Significant loss for the Crusaders – Roger was killed. Thousands of Crusaders killed. First major defeat – fear of loss of divine support for Baldwin II.
What were the dates of Baldwin II’s reign as King of Jerusalem?
1118-1131.
What happened to Baldwin II in 1123 that reduced his authority?
Captured and imprisoned by the Turks. His Vassals planned to bring someone in to rule in his stead from Christendom (Vassal rebellion) but Baldwin was released.
What city did Baldwin II fail to capture in 1129?
Damascus.
Who did Baldwin II appoint as his successors when he died in 1131? Why was this problematic?
Fulk and Melisende. Co-rule was unfamiliar in the medieval period. Women were not expected to rule in equal partnership with men (patriarchal society).
What coastal port city did Baldwin II successfully siege in 1124? Whose help did he get to achieve this?
Tyre – Venetian support.
What were the consequences of the successful acquisition of Tyre?
Closer relationship between Crusader States and Venetians – Venetians had a stake in Crusader success. Venetians given 1/3 of revenue from Tyre. Venetians provided a trading quarter in the city.
Name the Holy Order established during Baldwin II’s reign and describe their initial role.
Templars – 1120. Protecting pilgrims to Jerusalem through military escorts.
What happened to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I in 1118? Who was he replaced by?
Died – replaced by his son John Comnenos.
Circle the word that best describes the economy of the Crusader States during the reign of Baldwin II? Explain why.
Growing. Increased number of port cities. Trade routes become better ingrained. Increase in relationship with Venetians.
What weaknesses existed within the Islamic World from 1100-1131?
Division between Shiah Fatimids and Sunnis (Burids and Artuqids)
Divisions between Sunni groups eg: Burids, Artuqids, Zangids and Kilij Arslan in Sultanate of Rum.
What would be required for the Islamic World to strongly resist the Crusader States?
Unity / Jihad / power centralised under one ruler.
What is meant by the frontiers of an Empire?
The borders of the Empire.
What is meant by the heartlands of an Empire?
The centre of the Empire – often based around its most important or foundational city.
Were the Crusader States on the frontiers or the heartlands of the Fatimid and Seljuk Empires?
Frontiers.
Name the important Islamic city based in Northern Iraq.
Mosul.
Name the important Islamic city based in Northern Syria.
Aleppo.
Name the important Islamic city based in Southern Syria.
Damascus.
Why was the Islamic world unable to strongly resist the Crusader States from 1100-1131?
Division between Shiah Fatimids and Sunni Turks
Division within the Sunni’s ef: Burids, Artuqids, Zengids, Sultans of Rum.
