How to treat cancers by knowing about their pathology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in How to treat cancers by knowing about their pathology Deck (15)
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1
Q

give an example of a type of cancer that is malignant but does not metastasise

A

basal cell carcinoma

2
Q

Does complete local excision of basal carcinoma = cure?

A

yes

3
Q

What are some symptoms of leukaemia?

A
weight loss
fever
frequent infection
SOB
muscular weakness
pain or tenderness in the points 
fatigue
loss of appetite
swelling of lymph nodes
spline/hepatic enlargement
night sweats
easy bleeding and bruising
purple patches/spots
4
Q

How can carcinomas get to the bone?

A

through the blood

5
Q

Which cancers commonly spread to bone?

A
kidney
thyroid
lung
prostate
breast
6
Q

What methods can we use to find out more about a pt’s breast cancer?

A

biopsy using a core biopsy needle
ultrasound of axilla
PET scan
CT scan

7
Q

How would we treat breast cancer that has spread to the axilla?

A

axillary lymph node clearance

8
Q

How would we treat cancer that has spread to thereat of the body?

A

systemic (chemo) therapy

9
Q

How would you treat cancer that has not spread to the rest of the body or the lymph nodes?

A

Surgery with or without axillary lymph node clearance

10
Q

What is adjuvant therapy?

A

Extra treatment given after surgical excision

11
Q

Give an example of adjuvant therapy

A

radiotherapy to breast after lumpectomy

12
Q

Why is adjuvant therapy given after surgery?

A

Even if a tumour is completely excised, micromets could be present

13
Q

Give to things which we can look for using immunohistochemistry

A

ER+/-

HER2 gene - whether it is amplified or not

14
Q

Give two examples of adjuvant anti-oestrogen therapy

A

Tamoxifen

Anastrozole

15
Q

Which drug do we give if there is HER2 gene amplification?

A

Trastuzumab

i.e. Herceptin (trade name)