How We Breathe

Question 1

What is the xiphoid process a landmark in?

Answer 1

CPR

Question 2

Which are the true ribs?

Answer 2

1-7

Question 3

Which are the false ribs?

Answer 3

8-10

Question 4

Which are the floating ribs?

Answer 4

11 and 12

Question 5

At what level of rib is the sternal angle?

Answer 5

rib 2

Question 6

What in the ribs are a potential weakness area for penetrating injuries?

Answer 6

intercostal spaces

Question 7

What does the rib articulate with the sternum via?

Answer 7

costal cartilage

Question 8

What does the rib tubercle articulate with?

Answer 8

transverse process of the vertebra of the same number

Question 9

What does the head of the rib articulate with?

Answer 9

the body of the vertebra of the same number & the body of the vertebra superiorly

Question 10

What are the joints of breathing?

Answer 10

costovertebral joints   (rib to vertebra)
costochondral joints   (rib to costal cartilage)
sternocostal joints  (sternum to costal cartilage)

Question 11

Is the diaphragm smooth or skeletal muscle?

Answer 11

Skeletal

Question 12

What drains the posterior parts of the intercostal spaces?

Answer 12

azygous vein

Question 13

What supplies the posterior parts of the intercostal spaces?

Answer 13

thoracic artery

Question 14

Which artery and veins supply the anterior parts of the intercostal space?

Answer 14

thoracic

Question 15

How many layers of intercostal muscle are there?

Answer 15

3

Question 16

How many pairs of intercostal spaces are there?

Answer 16

11

Question 17

Which skeletal muscle involved in breathing has an unusual central tendon?

Answer 17

diaphragm

Question 18

What nerve is the muscular part of the diaphragm supplied by?

Answer 18

phrenic nerve (C3,4 & 5 anterior rami)

Question 19

Which dome is usually more superior in the diaphragm?

Answer 19

right (due to liver)

Question 20

What happens to A-P and lateral chest cavity dimensions

on inspiration?

Answer 20

increase

Question 21

Where does unilateral lymph drainage from lateral quadrants go?

Answer 21

axillary nodes

Question 22

Where does bilateral lymph drainage from medial quadrants go?

Answer 22

parasternal nodes

Question 23

What does paralysis of serratus anterior (usually through injury to long thoracic nerve) result in?

Answer 23

a winged scapula

Question 24

Where does the pectoralis minor attach?

Answer 24

between the coracoid process of the scapula and ribs 3-5

Question 25

Where do the subclavian vessels change their names to axillary vessels?

Answer 25

lateral to the lateral border of the 1st rib

Question 26

Where is the only place the lungs are connected to the mediastinum?

Answer 26

lung root

Question 27

What is the most dependent part of the pleural cavity?

Answer 27

Costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 28

Which lung contains a horizontal fissure?

Answer 28

right

Question 29

At what vertebrae level should the lung bases be auscultated?

Answer 29

T11

Question 30

What divides the nasal cavities?

Answer 30

nasal septum

Question 31

Where are the turbinates located?

Answer 31

lateral wall of each nasal cavity

Question 32

What type of cartilage lines walls of trache, bronchi etc?

Answer 32

hyaline

Question 33

What type of muscle becomes more prominent in smaller airways?

Answer 33

Smooth

Question 34

Do alveoli walls contain cartilage or smooth muscle?

Answer 34

Neither

Question 35

What does costal cartilage do?

Answer 35

increase flexibility of chest wall

Question 36

Where is the trachea palpable usually?

Answer 36

just superior to jugular notch in manubrium

Question 37

At what vertebrae level does the larynx become the trachea and the pharynx become the oesophagus?

Answer 37

C6

Question 38

What muscle anchors the medial border of the scapula to ribs 1-8?

Answer 38

serratus anterior

Question 39

What rib does the horizontal fissue follow?

Answer 39

4

Question 40

What ribs are oblique fissures at?

Answer 40

ribs 6 to T3