Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology Test 3 > HTN > Flashcards

HTN Flashcards

(141 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

HTN

A
  • 2 elevated BPs in 2 or more visits
  • less than 60, 140/90
  • more than 60, 150/90
  • over 18 w/ kidney or diabetes 140/90
  • pt seated, back and feet supported, arm supported and at level of heart
  • if untreated can damage organs
  • dont blame white coat
  • no symptoms
  • silent killer
  • start w/ 1 med, then add
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

HTN

EXAM

A
  • heart and lung sounds
  • orthoststics (old, meds)
  • fundoscopic (eyes, cataracts)
  • peripheral pulse, bruits, edema
  • manual best, pump up 20-30mmhg over
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

HTN

Diag

A
  • ECG
  • Labs: CBC, BMP, LFTs, Lipids, TSH, UA (protein, occcult bacteremia) (looking for compromised renal and liver function)
  • chest x-ray
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

HTN

JNC 8

A
  • pre-HTN=lifestyle 1st (monthly, after 3 months start meds)
  • 1st choice: Ace Inhibitors
  • 2nd choice: Calcium Channel Blockers
  • 3rd choice: Diuretics
  • Black: CCB 1st
  • Diabetics: Ace Inhibitor or ARB
  • less strict over 60
  • ED
  • occasional tachy: BB or CCB
  • anxiety: BB
  • age and risk affect choices
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

HTN

Types

A
  • Primary=most common, geri, family?,
  • Secondary=uncommen, drugs, OCPs, obesity, diabetes, renal, meth, coke, stimulants, thyroid disease, adrenal cancer, sleep apnea, premie baby w/ line, caffeine, smoking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

HTN

SE

A
  • headache
  • dizziness
  • syncope
  • hypotension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HTN

MONITOR

A
  • BP

- BMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diuretics

A
  • HTN
  • electrolytes
  • 3rd choice
  • Thiazide
  • Loop
  • K-sparing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thiazide

A
  • Diuretic
  • Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone
  • Excreted in breast milk (BUT MAY DECREASE MILK PRODUCTION
  • good for blacks
  • Preg B
  • CHECK BMP prior to starting and after initiating therapy
  • Eat Mg and K rich foods, decrease sugar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thiazide
-Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone
MOA

A
  • Inhibits Na Reabsorption in distal renal tubule causing increased H2O as well as Na, K, and H
  • decreased circulating volume=lower BP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Thiazide
-Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone
PHARM

A
  • Good PO absorption
  • Diuresis in 2 hrs, Antihypertensive effects in 3-4 days
  • 68% protein bound
  • Not metabolized
  • Excreted in urine as unchanged drug
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Thiazide
-Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone
CONTRA

A
  • Anuria

- Sulfa Allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Thiazide
-Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone
SE

A
  • Hypokalemia
  • Hypomagnesmia
  • Pancreatitis
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Photoxicity (sunlight)
  • CHECK BMP prior to starting and after initiating therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Thiazide
-Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone
PTS

A
  • Category B safe in pregnancy
  • Excreted in breast milk (BUT MAY DECREASE MILK PRODUCTION)
  • Safe in Pediatrics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Loop

A
  • Furosemide (Lasix), Torsemide (Demedex)
  • NOT great antihypertensive, NOT first line
  • HIGHLY PROTEIN BOUND 99%
  • main job is diuretic, not BP
  • monitor BMP (especially K)
  • mainly HF to reduce volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Loop
-Furosemide (Lasix), Torsemide (Demedex)
MOA

A

-Inhibits Na and Cl Reabsorption in proximal and distal tubules and loop of henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Loop
-Furosemide (Lasix), Torsemide (Demedex)
PHARM

A
  • Good PO absorption
  • HIGHLY PROTEIN BOUND
  • Metabolized in liver
  • Excreted in urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Loop
-Furosemide (Lasix), Torsemide (Demedex)
SE

A
  • Muscle Cramps (Mg)
  • Glucose Intolerance
  • Rash
  • Gout
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Loop
-Furosemide (Lasix), Torsemide (Demedex)
PTS

A
  • Lasix: Category C in pregnancy
  • Torsemide: Category B in pregnancy, not approved in pediatrics
  • NEITHER to be used in lactation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

K Sparing

A
  • Diuretic
  • Sprinolactone (Aldactone), Triamterene (Dyrenium)
  • Directly BLOCKS Na reabsorption in distal renal tubule
  • VERY PROTEIN BOUND
  • CHECK BMP!! ESSENTIAL TO PERFORM
  • Addisons Disease and renal insuff
  • NO Ace Inhibitors!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

K Sparing
-Sprinolactone (Aldactone), Triamterene (Dyrenium)
MOA

A
  • Directly BLOCKS Na reabsorption in distal renal tubule
  • Competitively binds to aldosterone-dependent Na/K exchange site in distal convoluted tubule causing an increase H2O excretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

K Sparing
-Sprinolactone (Aldactone), Triamterene (Dyrenium)
PHARM

A
  • Well absorbed PO
  • VERY PROTEIN BOUND
  • Metabolized in liver and kidneys
  • Excreted in both urine and stool
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

K Sparing
-Sprinolactone (Aldactone), Triamterene (Dyrenium)
SE

A
  • Rash
  • Photosensitivity
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Stevens Johnson Syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

K Sparing
-Sprinolactone (Aldactone), Triamterene (Dyrenium)
CONTRA

A
  • Anything that can cause hyperkalemia (Addison’s disease)
  • Anuria
  • Liver disease
  • adrenal insuff
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
K Sparing -Sprinolactone (Aldactone), Triamterene (Dyrenium) PTS
- CHECK BMP!! ESSENTIAL TO PERFORM - Category C in pregnancy - NOT for breastfeeding - OFF LABEL in pediatrics - not peeing, don't give
26
SYMPATHOLYTICS
- HTN - Centrally Acting Alpha 1 Agonist - Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonist=Clonidine (Catapres) - Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonist=Methyldopa (Aldomet) - Beta 1 Antagonist=Propranolol (Inderal), Nadolol (Corgard) - Beta 1 Antagonist= Atenolol (Tenormin), Metoprolol (Toprol XL, Lopressor) - Mixed alpha/Beta Antagonist=Labetolol
27
-Centrally Acting Alpha 1 Agonist -Doxazosin (Cardura), Terazosin (Hytrin) MOA
-Blocks postsynaptic alpha 1 receptors causing arterial, arteriolar, and venous dilation, DECREASING peripheral resistance
28
-Centrally Acting Alpha 1 Agonist -Doxazosin (Cardura), Terazosin (Hytrin) PHARM
- Good PO absorption - HIGHLY protein bound - Metabolized extensively in liver - Excreted in urine
29
-Centrally Acting Alpha 1 Agonist -Doxazosin (Cardura), Terazosin (Hytrin) SE
- Dizziness - Fatigue - Dose Related Orthostasis (FIRST DOSE EFFECT)
30
-Centrally Acting Alpha 1 Agonist -Doxazosin (Cardura), Terazosin (Hytrin) CONTRA
Severe liver disease
31
-Centrally Acting Alpha 1 Agonist -Doxazosin (Cardura), Terazosin (Hytrin) PTS
- Category C in pregnancy - Unknown if excreted in breast milk (AVOID) - OFF LABEL in pediatrics - GOOD OPTION IN MEN WITH BPH
32
- Centrally Acting Alpha 1 Agonist | - Doxazosin (Cardura), Terazosin (Hytrin)
- Symphatholytic - Doxazosin (Cardura), Terazosin (Hytrin) - Blocks postsynaptic alpha 1 receptors causing arterial, arteriolar, and venous dilation, DECREASING peripheral resistance - HIGHLY protein bound - Dose Related Orthostasis (FIRST DOSE EFFECT) - GOOD OPTION IN MEN WITH BPH - START LOW AND GO SLOW - MONITOR LIVER AND BPH
33
- Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonist | - Clonidine (Catapres)
- Symphatolytic - Decreases sympathetic outflow decreases HR, vascular tone = decrease in BP - Dry mouth (Teach to give ice chips and hard candy) - MONITORING LFTS IMPORTANT!! - Safe in PREG - ADHD
34
-Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonist -Clonidine (Catapres) MOA
Decreases sympathetic outflow decreases HR, vascular tone = decrease in BP
35
-Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonist -Clonidine (Catapres) PHARM
- Well absorbed PO - Metabolized in liver - Excreted in urine
36
-Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonist -Clonidine (Catapres) CONTRA
Rash
37
-Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonist -Clonidine (Catapres) SE
- Dry mouth (Teach to give ice chips and hard candy) - Anxiety - Constipation - Rash - Abnormal LFTS
38
-Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonist -Clonidine (Catapres) PTS
- MONITORING LFTS IMPORTANT!! - Safe in pregnancy - NOT recommended in breastfeeding - Approved for use in pediatrics >12 y/o
39
- Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonist | - Methyldopa (Aldomet)
-Sympatolytic -**Drug of choice in pregnancy** -Decreases Sympathetic outflow decreases HR, vascular tone = decrease in BP -Competitive inhibitor inhibitor of DOPA (LESS NE/E) -Parkinsonism (BC of antidopaminergic effects) -VERY safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding -Approved for use in pediatrics
40
-Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonist -Methyldopa (Aldomet) MOA
-Decreases Sympathetic outflow decreases HR, vascular tone = decrease in BP -Competitive inhibitor inhibitor of DOPA (LESS NE/E)
41
-Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonist -Methyldopa (Aldomet) PHARM
- Well absorbed PO - MINIMAL protein binding - Metabolized in liver - Excreted in urine
42
-Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonist -Methyldopa (Aldomet) CONTRA
- Liver disease - Concomitant use of MAOIs - Pheochromocytoma
43
-Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonist -Methyldopa (Aldomet) SE
- Depression - Anxiety - Parkinsonism (BC of antidopaminergic effects) - Hyperprolactinemia - Gynecomastia - Rash - Hemolytic Anemia
44
-Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonist -Methyldopa (Aldomet) PTS
- VERY safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding - BEST BP PREG - Approved for use in pediatrics
45
Beta 1 Antagonist | NONSELECTIVE
-BP -Sympatholytic -Propranolol (Inderal), Nadolol (Corgard) -Atenolol (Tenormin), Metoprolol (Toprol XL, Lopressor) -LIPID SOLUBLE CROSSES BBB -Asthma -COPD -DO NOT stop abruptly; MUST taper dose; cause cause cardiac ischemia -Not metabolized (Nadolol) -propanalol high protein bound in adults -monitor bp and hr -
46
Beta 1 Antagonist-non -Propranolol (Inderal), Nadolol (Corgard) MOA
- Block stimulation of beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors - LIPID SOLUBLE CROSSES BBB - nonselective
47
Beta 1 Antagonist-non -Propranolol (Inderal), Nadolol (Corgard) PHARM
- Fair PO absorption - Minimally protein bound - Not metabolized (Nadolol) - Metabolized in liver via CYP2d6 (Propranolol) - Excreted in urine
48
Beta 1 Antagonist-non -Propranolol (Inderal), Nadolol (Corgard) SE
- Fatigue - Depression - Constipation - Raynaud phenomenon - Erectile Dysfunction
49
Beta 1 Antagonist-non -Propranolol (Inderal), Nadolol (Corgard) CONTRA
- Asthma - COPD - Bradyarrthymias
50
Beta 1 Antagonist-non -Propranolol (Inderal), Nadolol (Corgard) PTS
- DO NOT stop abruptly; MUST taper dose; cause cause cardiac ischemia (tachy) - Category C Pregnancy - Excreted in milk but safe per AAP - Propranolol off label in pediatrics - Nadolol NOT approved in peds - propanalol anxiety
51
-Beta 1 Antagonist -Atenolol (Tenormin), Metoprolol (Toprol XL, Lopressor) SELECTIVE
- SELECTIVE - not as effective as other beta blockers - no peds=fetal bradycardia and resp depress - PREG C - Lopressor less money, bid; Toprol XL more money - fights anxiety lowers HR
52
-Beta 1 Antagonist -Atenolol (Tenormin), Metoprolol (Toprol XL, Lopressor) MOA
- Block stimulation of beta 1 adrenergic receptors with little to no effect on beta 1 receptors - selective - LIPID SOLUBLE CROSSES BBB
53
-Beta 1 Antagonist -Atenolol (Tenormin), Metoprolol (Toprol XL, Lopressor) PHARM
- Good PO absorption - Minimally protein bound - Metabolized in liver, Metoprolol via CYP2d6 - Excreted in urine
54
-Beta 1 Antagonist -Atenolol (Tenormin), Metoprolol (Toprol XL, Lopressor) CONTRA
- Asthma - COPD - Bradyarrthymias
55
-Beta 1 Antagonist -Atenolol (Tenormin), Metoprolol (Toprol XL, Lopressor) SE
- Fatigue - Depression - Constipation - Raynaud phenomenon
56
-Beta 1 Antagonist -Atenolol (Tenormin), Metoprolol (Toprol XL, Lopressor) PTS
- DO NOT stop abruptly; MUST taper dose; cause cause cardiac ischemia - Category C in pregnancy - Drug excreted in breast milk but safe per AAP - DO NOT breastfeed with atenolol - Metoprolol safe in peds - Atenolol OFF LABEL
57
Mixed alpha/Beta Antagonist
- Sympatholytic - Labetalol - nonselective - asthma - copd - bradyrythmias
58
Mixed alpha/Beta Antagonist -Labetalol MOA
NON selective beta antagonist with additional alpha antagonism
59
Mixed alpha/Beta Antagonist -Labetalol PHARM
- Poor PO absorption - Protein bound - Metabolized via conjugation to glucuronide metabolites - Excreted in urine
60
Mixed alpha/Beta Antagonist -Labetalol CONTRA
- Asthma - COPD - Bradyarrthymias
61
Mixed alpha/Beta Antagonist -Labetalol SE
- Tingling sensation on scalp (decreases w use) - Fatigue - Depression - Elevated LFTs
62
Mixed alpha/Beta Antagonist - Labetalol - PTS
- Category C in pregnancy - Safe in breastfeeding - OFF label in Peds
63
VASODILATORS:
- HTN - Hydralazine - Nitroprusside Sodium (Nipride)
64
- Vasodilator | - Hydralazine
- Vasodilator - VERY PROTEIN bound - Thrombocytopenia - Leukopenia - Dissecting aortic aneurysm - Mitral valve rheumatic heart disease - MONITOR CBC and LFT - NOT for use in breastfeeding - Safe in peds
65
-Vasodilator -Hydralazine MOA
Directly vasodilates arterioles with little effect on veins, decreasing systemic vascular resistance
66
-Vasodilator -Hydralazine PHARM
- Good PO absorption - VERY PROTEIN bound - Metabolized in liver - Excreted in urine
67
-Vasodilator -Hydralazine SE
- Palpitations - Headache - Psychotic reactions - N/V/D - Thrombocytopenia - Leukopenia - Hepatotixicity
68
-Vasodilator -Hydralazine CONTRA
- Dissecting aortic aneurysm | - Mitral valve rheumatic heart disease
69
-Vasodilator-Hydralazine | PTS
- MONITOR CBC and LFT - Category C pregnancy - NOT for use in breastfeeding - Safe in peds
70
Nitroprusside Sodium (Nipride)
- vasodilator - HTN - FOR SEVERE HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS ONLY NOT USED FOR OUTPATIENT!!!
71
-Vasodilator Nitroprusside Sodium (Nipride) MOA
-Relaxes vascular smooth muscle to reduce preload and afterload by producing NO, also dilates coronary arteries
72
-Vasodilator Nitroprusside Sodium (Nipride) PHARM
- IV ONLY! - Rapid onset - Metabolized in blood - Ferrous ion in nitroprusside reacts with sulfhydryl compounds in RBCs causing cyanide release - Metabolized in liver and kidney into thiocyanate
73
-Vasodilator Nitroprusside Sodium (Nipride) SE
- Blood pressure - SpO2 (for cyanide toxicity monitoring) - Thiocyanate levels
74
-Vasodilator Nitroprusside Sodium (Nipride) PTS
- Category C in pregnancy - NOT for use in breastfeeding - Safe in pediatrics - FOR SEVERE HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS ONLY NOT USED FOR OUTPATIENT!!!
75
Calcium Channel Blockers
- HTN - Dihydropyridines - NON dihydropyridines
76
Dihydropyridines | -Amlodipine (Norvasc), Nifedipine (Procardia)
``` VERY protein bound Concomitant use with strong CYP3a4 Inducers (REDUCES drug effects) Important: CHECK LFTS!!! -grapefruit juice increases effects -Primary MOA is vasodilation. -NO PEDS ```
77
Dihydropyridines -Amlodipine (Norvasc), Nifedipine (Procardia) MOA
- grapefruit juice increases effects | - Primary MOA is vasodilation.
78
Dihydropyridines -Amlodipine (Norvasc), Nifedipine (Procardia) PHARM
- grapefruit juice increases effects - Primary MOA is vasodilation. - Good PO availability - VERY protein bound - Metabolized in liver - Excreted in urine and stool
79
Dihydropyridines -Amlodipine (Norvasc), Nifedipine (Procardia) SE
- Peripheral edema - Flushing - Stevens Johnsons syndrome - Photosensitivity
80
Dihydropyridines -Amlodipine (Norvasc), Nifedipine (Procardia) CONTRA
Concomitant use with strong CYP3a4 Inducers (REDUCES drug effects)
81
Dihydropyridines -Amlodipine (Norvasc), Nifedipine (Procardia) PTS
- grapefruit juice increases effects - Important: CHECK LFTS!!! - Category C in pregnancy - Nifedipine safe in breastfeeding - NOT FDA approved in children
82
- Calcium Channel Blocker - NON dihydropyridines - Verapamil (Calan), Diltiazem (Cardizem)
- Affects rate (DOES NOT cause vasodilation) - VERY protein bound - AVOID IV diltiazem in newborns (has benzyl alcohol) - Verapamil ONLY APPROVED for SVT (slows signal to AV Node)
83
-Calcium Channel Blocker -NON dihydropyridines -Verapamil (Calan), Diltiazem (Cardizem) MOA
Affects rate (DOES NOT cause vasodilation)
84
-Calcium Channel Blocker -NON dihydropyridines -Verapamil (Calan), Diltiazem (Cardizem) PHARM
- Fair PO availability - VERY protein bound - Metabolized in liver - Excreted in urine
85
-Calcium Channel Blocker -NON dihydropyridines -Verapamil (Calan), Diltiazem (Cardizem) CONTRA
- History of bradyarrhythmias - CHF - AVOID IV diltiazem in newborns (has benzyl alcohol=gasping syndrome)
86
-Calcium Channel Blocker -NON dihydropyridines -Verapamil (Calan), Diltiazem (Cardizem) SE
- Peripheral edema - Gingical hyperplasia (need good po care) - Headaches - Flushing - Constipation
87
-Calcium Channel Blocker -NON dihydropyridines -Verapamil (Calan), Diltiazem (Cardizem) PTS
- Category C - Excreted in breast milk - Diltiazem OFF label in peds - Verapamil ONLY APPROVED for SVT
88
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
- HTN - 1st choice HTN - Ace Inhibitor - doesnt affect HR just BP
89
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ACE “PRIL” -Lisinopril, Trandolopril
- HTN - Angiotensin II will INCREASE systemic vascular resistance thereby increasing preload/afterload - POOR PO - COUGH - NOT SAFE IN PRENANCY OR BREASTFEEDING - 1st choice for HTN - Monitor Potassium
90
``` Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ACE “PRIL” -Lisinopril, Trandolopril MOA ```
- Prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II; | - Angiotensin II will INCREASE systemic vascular resistance thereby increasing preload/afterload
91
``` Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ACE “PRIL” -Lisinopril, Trandolopril PHARM ```
- POOR PO - Minimal protein bound - Lisinopril: NOT metabolized, excreted in urine - Trandolapril: Metabolized by liver, excreted in urine and stool
92
``` Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ACE “PRIL” -Lisinopril, Trandolopril CONTRA ```
Bilateral renal artery stenosis
93
``` Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ACE “PRIL” -Lisinopril, Trandolopril SE ```
- COUGH - Hyperkalemia - Angioedema
94
``` Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ACE “PRIL” -Lisinopril, Trandolopril PTS ```
- NOT SAFE IN PRENANCY OR BREASTFEEDING | - Lisinopril – not enough data for peds
95
- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors - Angiotensin Receptor Blockers - Renin Inhibitors
- HTN - ACE; “PRIL” (Lisinopril, Trandolopril) - ARB; “SARTAN” (Losartan (Cozaar), Olmesartan (Benicar)) - RENIN (Aliskiren (Tekturna))
96
- ARB - “SARTAN” - Losartan (Cozaar); Olmesartan (Benicar)
- Angiotensin Receptor Blockers - Drug of choice for diabetics and chronic kidney disease - Causes vasoconstriction and increases aldosterone secretion - Angiotensin I conversion to Angiotensin II - Hypoglycemia - DO NOT use in pregnancy, breastfeeding women - AVOID in peds
97
-ARB -“SARTAN” -Losartan (Cozaar); Olmesartan (Benicar) MOA
- Blocks binding of angiotensin II to receptors, which blocks the vasoconstriction and aldeosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II - Causes vasoconstriction and increases aldosterone secretion - Angiotensin I conversion to Angiotensin II
98
-ARB -“SARTAN” -Losartan (Cozaar); Olmesartan (Benicar) PHARM
- Poor PO absorption - HIGHLY protein bound - Metabolized in liver via CYP2C9 - Losartan: Excreted in urine - Olmesartan: Excreted in urine and stool
99
-ARB -“SARTAN” -Losartan (Cozaar); Olmesartan (Benicar) SE
- Hypoglycemia - Anemia - Cough - Angioedema
100
-ARB -“SARTAN” -Losartan (Cozaar); Olmesartan (Benicar) CONTRA
Allergy
101
-ARB -“SARTAN” -Losartan (Cozaar); Olmesartan (Benicar) PTS
- DO NOT use in pregnancy, breastfeeding women | - AVOID in peds
102
RENIN | Aliskiren (Tekturna)
- HTN - **NEED to check history, kidney disease and diabetes** - new
103
RENIN Aliskiren (Tekturna) MOA
Reduces plasma renin, thereby reduces angiotensin I and angiotensin II and aldosterone
104
RENIN Aliskiren (Tekturna) PHARM
- Poor PO absorption, reduced when taken with high fat meal - Metabolized in liver - Excreted in urine - Needs 2 weeks for anti-hypertensive effect
105
RENIN Aliskiren (Tekturna) SE
- Diarrhea - Cough - Rash - Hyperkalemia - Increase creatinine - Angioedema
106
RENIN Aliskiren (Tekturna) CONTRA
Do NOT use in diabetics already taking an ACEI or an ARB (increased risk of stroke, renal complications, hyperkalemia, HYPOtension)
107
RENIN Aliskiren (Tekturna) PTS
- **NEED to check history, kidney disease and diabetes** - NOT safe in pregnancy - NOT safe in breastfeeding - NOT approved in pediatrics
108
HTN | HXof MI
-beta blocker and aceI
109
HTN | Diabetes
-ACE
110
HTN | PREG
- Methlodopa 1st - labetalol - maybe beta blockersand diuretics
111
HTN | BF
- diuretics and beta blockers | - fine to contine methladopa or labetalol from preg
112
HTN | PEDS
- ACEI, Metroprolol, Amlodopine - ARB >6 - otherwise propanalol or hydralazine
113
Choosing HTN MEDS | -No diab or ckd over 60 white:
- thiazide - ACEI - ARB - CCB
114
Choosing HTN MEDS | -No diab or ckd over 60 black:
- thiazide | - CCB
115
Choosing HTN MEDS | No diab or ckd below 60 white:
- thiazide - ACEI - ARB - CCB
116
Choosing HTN MEDS | No diab or ckd below 60 black:
- thiazide | - CCB
117
Choosing HTN MEDS | all ages diabetes no ckd white:
- thiazide - ACEI - ARB - CCB
118
Choosing HTN MEDS | all ages diabetes no ckd black:
- thiazide | - CCB
119
Choosing HTN MEDS | all ages ckd:
- ACE | - ARB
120
Main cause of hypertension
Hypovolemia – Main cause of hypertension; Remember the renin and angiotensin conversion
121
ACE inhibitors SE
ACE inhibitors – Cough is the biggest side effect
122
ARB
- prescribe for diabetes and chronic kidney disease | - ANGIOTENSIN I conversion ANGIOTENSIN II
123
Betablocker
are highly lipid soluble – WILL CROSS BBB | Atenolol noted to be LESS effective than any other beta blockers because it has the shortest half life
124
Calcium Channel blockers
Verapamil is the best med for history of SVT
125
Diuretics
Lasix depletes potassium effectively and quickly CHECK BMP!
126
Aldosterone
K+ SPARING. Good for hypokalemia; NOT a good choice for Addisons disease
127
Clonidine
ALPHA 2 AGONIST!!! Know that it is EFFECTIVE be DECREASING HR and DECREASING VASCULAR TONE
128
Methyldopa
best for PREG
129
drug to use if HTN, diabetic, and ckd
losartan - angiotensin II Receptor - treats htn and slow kidney damage
130
diuretics and kids
diuretics not great, kid will miss class
131
lipid soluable drug
will cross BBB easy
132
atenalol AND metropolol
- atenool short half life | - metropalol also short but can give more expensive ER with meals
133
BLACK
THIAZIDE OR CCB
134
NONDIHYDROPYRIDINES | VERAPAMIL; CALAN, DILTIAZEM, CARDIZEM
HR
135
ACEI
COUGH
136
PROPANALOL
BBB | HIGHLY LIPOPHILIC
137
TEENAGERS
METROPOL, CLONADINE, HYDRALAZINE
138
CLONADINE
OVER 12 OK
139
SYMPATHOLYTICS CENTRALLY ACTING ALPHA 2 AGONIST CLONADINE/ CATAPRES
DECREASES HR AND VASULAR TONE = DECREASED BP
140
DIABETIC
ACE OR ARB
141
ADDDISONS DISEASE
NO K-SPARING OR ALDOSTERONE

Pharmacology Test 3 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions