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HTN moa + Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Thiazides moa

A

inhibit reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- by the DCT causing them to be excreted in urine

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2
Q

thiazide like moa

A

inhibit reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- by the DCT causing them to be excreted in urine

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3
Q

Loops moa

A

MOA: inhibit NKCC2 and inhibit Na Cl and K reabsorption in the thick ascending loop of henle. They increase the loss of K, Ca, and Mg

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4
Q

loops se

A

hypokalemia, may need supplement

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5
Q

loops bbw

A

potent diuretics

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6
Q

Usually used for heart failure not HTN

A

loops

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7
Q

Extremely powerful diuretics

A

loops

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8
Q

K+ sparing moa

A

MOA: blocks ENaC (epithelial Na channel) so that Na absorption is decreased and inhibit loss of K+ in the collecting tubule independent of mineralocorticoids

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9
Q

K+ sparing se

A

hyperkalemia

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10
Q

K+ sparing bbw

A

can cause hyperkalemia and if not corrected can be fatal

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11
Q

K+ sparing contraindications

A

hyperkalemia, don’t use with K+ supplements

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12
Q

Eplerenone- ________ aldosterone antagonist

A

selective

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13
Q

Less potent than spironolactone

A

Eplerenone

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14
Q

Spironolactone- _______ aldosterone antagonist

A

nonselective

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15
Q

Aldosterone receptor blockers/antagonists moa

A

bind to mineralocorticoid receptor in collecting duct of the kidney to inhibit aldosterone

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16
Q

what does aldosterone do

A

increases Na reabsorption and K excretion

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17
Q

SE Aldosterone receptor blockers/antagonists

A

SE= gynecomastia, sexual dysfunction (bc it works on mineralocorticoid receptors)

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18
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor moa

A

MOA: inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the PCT of the kidney. Therefore BP, intracranial pressure, and intraocular pressure are lowered

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19
Q

Carbonic anhydrase

A

allows reabsorption of bicarbonate, Na, and Cl

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20
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor SE

A

SE= metabolic acidosis (bc eliminates the bicarbonate), and hyponatremia

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21
Q

osmotic moa

A

MOA: facilitates the release of H2O by inhibiting the renal tubular reabsorption of Na and Cl. This causes cerebral edema, intracranial pressure, and CSF volumes are reduced

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22
Q

osmotic is used in

A

eye surgery

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23
Q

ACE inhibitors MOA

A

MOA: blocks ACE so angiotensin 1 cannot be converted to angiotensin 2. They reduce the afterload by dilating efferent arterioles. Blocking ACE also inhibits the breakdown of bradykinin

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24
Q

ACE Inhibitors se

A

SE= cough (bc bradykinin is not broken down, which is an inflammatory mediator), angioedema of the face, lips, and throat, hyperkalemia

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25
ACE Inhibitors contra
Contraindications: hx of angioedema, do not use if also taking Aliskiren
26
ACE Inhibitors caution
Cautions: ACEI + ARBs = no benefit; less effective in african americans
27
ACE Inhibitors bbw
BBW: stop if pregnant; category D
28
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) moa
MOA: inhibits angiotensin 2 from binding to its receptors so vasoconstriction cannot occur and aldosterone cannot be secreted
29
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) se
SE= hyperkalemia and angioedema (no cough like with ACEI)
30
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) contra
Contraindications: do not use with Aliskiren
31
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) bbw
BBW: stop if pregnant category d
32
Direct renin inhibitors moa
MOA: competitively inhibits renin so angiotensinogen cannot be converted to angiotensin 1
33
Direct renin inhibitors se
SE=hyperkalemia, angioedema
34
Direct renin inhibitors contra
Contraindications: do not use with ACEI or ARBs
35
Direct renin inhibitors bbw
BBW: D/C if pregnant category d
36
Dihydropyridines moa
MOA: selectively inhibits L type calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle (mainly) and cardiac muscle cells causing decreased bp
37
Dihydropyridines se
SE= peripheral edema
38
non Dihydropyridines moa
MOA: non selectively inhibits L type calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle and SA and AV nodes which decreases hr… therefore it can have antiarrhythmic properties
39
Verapamil- can lead to _____
constipation
40
non Dihydropyridines se
SE= bradycardia and constipation (in verapamil)
41
non Dihydropyridines caution
Cautions: grapefruit juice can enhance oral absorption
42
Centrally active alpha 2 agonists moa
MOA: stimulates alpha 2 adrenoceptors in the brainstem causing reduced sympathetic outflow (less NE) causing dec bp
43
Centrally active alpha 2 agonists se
SE= drowsiness, feeling tired
44
Centrally active alpha 2 agonists caution
Caution: do not D/C suddenly bc it can cause rebound HTN
45
Peripherally acting alpha 1 adrenergic blockers moa
MOA: blocks postsynaptic alpha 1 receptors causing decreased bp
46
Peripherally acting alpha 1 adrenergic blockers se
SE= postural HTN, syncopal episode in the 1st dose
47
Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA)
beta blocker that shows agonist and antagonist activity at the beta 1 receptors
48
Beta blockers are _____ inotropes- slow the HR by blocking EPI at beta receptors
negative
49
which beta blocker has isa activity
acebutolol
50
- used for eye drops in glaucoma
Betaxolol
51
Cardioselective beta blocker moa
MOA: competitively block beta adrenergic stimulation at beta 1 receptor causing a dec HR
52
Cardioselective beta blocker se
SE= bradycardia, impaired peripheral circulations/cold extremities
53
Cardioselective beta blocker bbw
BBW: D/C gradually over 1-2 wks when used for a long time
54
- also used for glaucoma
Timolol
55
ISA activity; crosses BBB so can be used for migraines and stage fright
pindolol
56
non Cardioselective beta blocker moa
MOA: nonselective competitive beta 1 and 2 blockers cause dec BP
57
non Cardioselective beta blocker se
SE= bradycardia, bronchospasms, impaired peripheral circulations/cold extremities
58
non Cardioselective beta blocker contra
Contraindications: asthma and COPD
59
non Cardioselective beta blocker bbw
BBW: D/C gradually over 1-2 wks when used for a long time
60
Combination Alpha and Beta blockers moa
MOA: block alpha 1 to cause vasodilation and block beta 1 to cause dec HR/BP
61
Combination Alpha and Beta blockers se
SE= postural HTN, bronchoconstriction, impaired peripheral circulations/cold extremities
62
Combination Alpha and Beta blockers contra
Contraindications: asthma, bronchospasm, COPD
63
Combination Alpha and Beta blockers caution
Caution: sudden D/C can exacerbate angina and lead to MI
64
Hydralazine cauion
Caution: can cause drug induced SLE, D/C to avoid rapid side in BP
65
Minoxidil se
SE= hypertrichosis (excessive hair growth), hirsutism
66
Minoxidil caution
Caution: only used for severe HTN
67
Minoxidil bbw
BBW: can cause cardiac issues that’s why it’s not 1st line trmt
68
used for immediate reduction of BP in hypertensive crisis
Nitroprusside
69
Direct vasodilators | moa
MOA: vasodilated arterioles and relaxes smooth muscle, but causes reflex sympathetic stimulation of the heart (so they are usually prescribed with a beta blocker too)
70
direct vasodilators se
SE= hypotension
71
Used in severe/malignant HTN and emergency HTN
Dopamine receptor agonist: vasodilator
72
Dopamine receptor agonist: vasodilator moa
MOA: selective postsynaptic dopamine (D1) receptor agonist; stimulates D1 receptors to raise intracellular cAMP causing vasodilation
73
Rapid onset and short duration… that's why it’s only used in emergencies
Dopamine receptor agonist: vasodilator
74
Postganglionic adrenergic neuron blockers | moa
MOA: irreversibly blocks H+ coupled vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT1 and VMAT2 which reduces monoamines in the synaptic cleft
75
Postganglionic adrenergic neuron blockers | se
SE= depression bc serotonin and dopamine can't get to the receptors

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