Human Anatomy - Connective tissues

Question 1

________ tissue is the most diverse and abundant tissue in the human body.

Answer 1

Connective

Question 2

What are the main classes of connective tissue?

Answer 2

CTP
Cartilage
Bone
Blood

Question 3

What are the general functions of connective tissue?

Answer 3

Binding and support
Protection and insulation of internal organs
Compartmentalization
Transportation
Major site of body energy reserves

Question 4

What are key characters of connective tissue?

Answer 4

Few cells
ECM composed of ground substance and fibres.
All connective tissue comes from mesenchyme.

Question 5

What is ground substance?

Answer 5

Unstructured material that fills the space between cells.

Secreted by the connective tissue cell and determines the tissue’s qualities (solid, liquid, gel)

Question 6

What do fibres in connective tissue provide?

Answer 6

Support

Question 7

What are the different fibres in connective tissue?

Answer 7

Collagen fibres, elastic fibres, reticular fibres

Question 8

Describe collagen fibres.

Answer 8

Tough and resist pulling forces but remain flexible.

Question 9

Describe elastic fibres

Answer 9

Can stretch up to 150% of relaxed length and return to original shape

Question 10

Where are elastic fibres abundant?

Answer 10

Skin, blood vessels, lungs

Question 11

What are reticular fibres?

Answer 11

Thin, fine collagenous fibres that form delicate branching networks.
Strong but allow more “give” than collagen fibres
present in the basement membrane

Question 12

Draw a key from mesenchyme to the different cells and tissues of the different connective tissues.

Answer 12

Refer to notes. Slide 50

Question 13

What are the two subclasses of CTP?

Answer 13

Loose connective tissue & Dense connective tissue

Question 14

Loose connective tissue is further subdivided into?

Answer 14

Areolar & Adipose (And reticular)

Question 15

Dense connective tissue is further subdivided into?

Answer 15

Dense irregular, dense regular, elastic

Question 16

What is the ground substance of the ECM in CTP?

Answer 16

gel-like

Question 17

Which fibres does areolar connective tissue contain?

Answer 17

All three (reticular, collagen, elastic)

Question 18

What cells are present in areolar connective tissue?

Answer 18

Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, WBCs

Question 19

What are the functions of areolar connective tissue?

Answer 19

Wrap and cushion organs
Hold and convey tissue fluid
Important role in inflammation/infection

Question 20

Where is areolar connective tissue located?

Answer 20

Under epithelia
Around organs
Surrounding small nerves and blood vessels

Question 21

What is interstitial fluid?

Answer 21

(related to areolar)
Tissue fluid derived from leakage of water and small molecules from the blood as it travels through capillaries.
Allows for nutrients and oxygen to be carried to cells and wastes from cells.
Areolar CT soaks up this tissue fluid.

Question 22

Why is areolar connective tissue considered the main battlefield against infection?

Answer 22

Has immune cells
Prevents penetration of bacteria into the blood
Combination of 3 fibre types serves as a mesh to slow travel of microbes

Question 23

Describe adipose tissue.

Answer 23

Closely packed adipocytes

Nucleus pushed to the side.

Question 24

What are the functions of adipose tissue?

Answer 24

Fuel reserve
Insulate against heat loss
Support and protect organs

Question 25

Where is adipose tissue located?

Answer 25

``` Under skin (hypodermis) Around kidneys Behind eyeballs In breasts Around the heart ```

Question 26

Describe dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 26

Composed of irregularly arranged collagen fibres. | Contains some elastic fibres and fibroblasts.

Question 27

What is the function of dense irregular connective tissue?

Answer 27

Resist tension exerted in many directions. | Provide structural strength.

Question 28

Where is dense irregular connective tissue located?

Answer 28

Dermis of skin Submucosa of GI tract Fibrous capsules of joints

Question 29

What is meant by irregular arrangement of collagen fibres

Answer 29

Right angles without a uniform distribution

Question 30

Describe dense regular connective tissue.

Answer 30

Primarily parallel collagen fibres. Contains fibroblasts and some elastic fibres. Poorly vascularized. Withstands great tension in one direction.

Question 31

What is the function of dense regular connective tissue?

Answer 31

Attaches muscle to bone (tendon) and bone to bone (ligament)

Question 32

Where is dense regular connective tissue located?

Answer 32

Tendons and ligaments Aponeuroses fascia around muscles Fascia around muscles.

Question 33

Why does dense regular connective tissue heal slowly?

Answer 33

Poorly vascularized

Question 34

Describe elastic connective tissue?

Answer 34

Elastic fibres predominate

Question 35

What is the function of elastic connective tissue?

Answer 35

Allows recoil after stretching.

Question 36

Where is elastic connective tissue?

Answer 36

Within walls of arteries and aorta, certain ligaments and, surrounding bronchial tubes

Question 37

Describe cartilage.

Answer 37

``` Firm, flexible tissue Contains no blood vessels or nerves Blood supply comes from surrounding periosteum Matrix is mostly water Gel-like ECM ```

Question 38

What are the cells of cartilage?

Answer 38

Chondroblasts, chondrocytes

Question 39

What are the fibre types of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 39

collagen

Question 40

What do chondroblasts do in hyaline cartilage?

Answer 40

Produce matrix

Question 41

What do chondrocytes do in hyaline cartilage?

Answer 41

Chondrocytes lie in lacunae, maintain metabolism of cartilage.

Question 42

What is the function of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 42

Supports and reinforces Cushions Resists repetitive stress

Question 43

Where is hyaline cartilage located?

Answer 43

Fetal skeleton Ends of long bones Costal cartilage of ribs Cartilages of nose, trachea, larynx

Question 44

What are the fibre types of elastic cartilage?

Answer 44

Collagen and elastic

Question 45

What is the function of elastic cartilage?

Answer 45

Maintains shape of structure | Allows great flexibility

Question 46

Where is elastic cartilage located?

Answer 46

Supports external ear (pinna) | Epiglottis

Question 47

What is the basis of cauliflower ear?

Answer 47

Abrasion from punches or rubbing causes breaking of cartilage which, due to lack of blood supply, doesn't heal

Question 48

What are the fibres of fibrocartilage?

Answer 48

Collagen | matrix less firm

Question 49

What is the function of fibrocartilage?

Answer 49

Tensile strength and ability to absorb compressive shock.

Question 50

Where is fibrocartilage located?

Answer 50

Intervetebral discs Pubic symphysis Discs of knee joint (menisci)

Question 51

What is the matrix of cartilage?

Answer 51

Gel-like

Question 52

Describe Scurvy.

Answer 52

Occurs due to vitamin D deficiency which is necessary for proper cross-linking of molecules which make up collagen fibres. Collagen necessary for holding teeth in their sockets. Symptoms include loss of teeth, blood vessel rupture, poor healing.