Human Geography Ch. 12

Question 1

Any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it

Answer 1

Service

Question 2

What are the 3 types of services?

Answer 2

• Consumer Services
• Business Services
• Public Services

Question 3

Characteristics of Consumer Services

Answer 3

• Provide services to individual consumers
• About 50% of U.S. jobs

Question 4

What are the main types of consumer services?

Answer 4

• Retail
• Education
• Health
• Leisure

Question 5

Characteristics of Business Services

Answer 5

• Facilitate other businesses
• About 25% of U.S. jobs

Question 6

What are the main types of business services

Answer 6

• Professional
• Financial
• Transportation services

Question 7

Characteristics of Public Services

Answer 7

• Provide security and protection for citizens and businesses
• About 8% of U.S. Jobs
• DECREASING

Question 8

What are the main types of public services?

Answer 8

• Education
• Government job

Question 9

It is _______ to make a distinction among the 3 types of services

Answer 9

difficult

Question 10

Permanent collection of buildings where people reside, work, and obtain services

Answer 10

Settlement

Question 11

Services located in _______

Answer 11

settlements

Question 12

All growth in employment in U.S. =

Answer 12

services

Question 13

Explains how most profitable location can be identified

Answer 13

Central Place Theory

Question 14

Market center where people cluster to buy and sell goods and services, maximize

Answer 14

Central Place

Question 15

Area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted

Answer 15

Market area or Hinterland

Question 16

Consumers will seek to obtain goods and services from nearest locations

Answer 16

node, or market area

Question 17

Max distance people willing to travel to use a service

Answer 17

Range

Question 18

High-order goods = _______ range

Answer 18

longer

Question 19

What is an example of a high-order good

Answer 19

Stadium

Question 20

Low-order good = ________ range

Answer 20

shorter

Question 21

What is an example of low-order goods?

Answer 21

Groceries

Question 22

Minimum number of people needed to support a service

Answer 22

Threshold

Question 23

Determine range, then high enough threshold within a range

Answer 23

Threshold of a service

Question 24

Product determines how consumers are counted:

Answer 24

Age, gender, income, education

Question 25

Closer to periphery, more likely they will select another location

Answer 25

Geometry Market Area

Question 26

What is the Geometry Market Area also called?

Answer 26

The Hexagon Compromise

Question 27

Why would someone travel greater distances for a consumer service?

Answer 27

- Price is much lower - Item is unavailable locally

Question 28

4 characteristics of profitability of a location

Answer 28

1. Define market area 2. Estimate Range 3. Estimate threshold (varies) 4. Predict market share

Question 29

How can a service define market area?

Answer 29

Use zip code data to obtain customer info

Question 30

What is the estimated range of a dollar store?

Answer 30

15 minutes

Question 31

What is the estimated range of Target?

Answer 31

30 minutes

Question 32

What is the estimated threshold of a dollar store?

Answer 32

25,000

Question 33

What is the estimated threshold of Target?

Answer 33

100,000

Question 34

Proposed new consumer service share customers with competitors

Answer 34

Predict market share

Question 35

Characteristics of a Food Desert

Answer 35

- Area has a substantial amount of low-income residents - Poor access to a grocery store (further than 1 mile) - Retailers less likely to place shops in low-income neighborhoods

Question 36

Services that involve sharing have expanded rapidly

Answer 36

Sharing Services

Question 37

Examples of Sharing Services

Answer 37

- Ride sharing services = Uber and Lyft - Airbnb

Question 38

What are the three hierarchy of business services?

Answer 38

1. Global City 2. Consumer and Public Services in Global Cities 3. Business Services in Global Cities

Question 39

What are the factors of Global City?

Answer 39

- Economy - Political - Cultural - Infrastructure

Question 40

Characteristics of Consumer and Public Services in Global Cities

Answer 40

- Consumer services with extensive market areas (large size) - Luxury and highly specialized products - Leisure services - Centers of national or international power

Question 41

Play an important role in global business services

Answer 41

Business Services in Global Cities

Question 42

Global circulation of capital

Answer 42

Offshore Financial Services

Question 43

What are the 2 important functions offshore financial services provide?

Answer 43

- Taxes - Privacy

Question 44

Characteristics of taxes in offshore financial services

Answer 44

- Typically low or non existent - Often possess tax-free status

Question 45

Characteristics of privacy in offshore financial services

Answer 45

- People and corporations can evade disclosure - Can protect assets from lawsuits

Question 46

Settlement's unique collection of basic businesses

Answer 46

Economic Base

Question 47

What are the 2 types of economic bases

Answer 47

- Basic Business - Nonbasic Business

Question 48

Exports primarily to customers outside the settlement

Answer 48

Basic Business

Question 49

Serves primarily customers living in the same settlement

Answer 49

Nonbasic Business

Question 50

What is an example of a basic business?

Answer 50

a factory

Question 51

What is an example of a nonbasic business

Answer 51

restaurants

Question 52

Exporting stimulates local economy (3 things):

Answer 52

1. New basic businesses attract new workers 2. New basic business workers bring families 3. New nonbasic services opened to meet needs of new workers and families

Question 53

Individuals possessing special talents not distributed uniformly among cities

Answer 53

Distribution of talent

Question 54

Cities with high cultural diversity tend to have relatively ______ % of talented individuals

Answer 54

high

Question 55

Process by which the population of urban settlements grow

Answer 55

Urbanization

Question 56

World's population of urban settlements exceeded rural settlements first time in ____

Answer 56

2008

Question 57

What % are urban areas in developed countries?

Answer 57

79%

Question 58

What % are urban areas in developing countries?

Answer 58

52%

Question 59

Developed countries = _______% of urban residents

Answer 59

higher

Question 60

Developing countries have more very ______ urban settlements

Answer 60

large

Question 61

Several of world's most populous cities don't rank among world's most important _______ service centers

Answer 61

business