Human Growth - Mid-Term

Question 1

A theory that suggests people learn through observations and imitation.

Answer 1

Social Learning Theory

Question 2

A sperm and an ovum fuse together to form a single cell. What is that cell called?

Answer 2

Zygote

Question 3

The study of how environmental factors affect genes and genetic expression.

Answer 3

Epigenetics

Question 4

The idea that abilities, personality, and other human characteristics are moldable, and thus can change.

Answer 4

Plasticity

Question 5

The full set of genes that are the instructions to make an individual member of a certain species.

Answer 5

Genome

Question 6

Symptoms of pregnancy and birth experienced by fathers.

Answer 6

Couvade

Question 7

The realization that objects still exist when they can no longer be seen, touched, or heard.

Answer 7

Object Permanence

Question 8

The failure of children to grow to a normal height for their age due to severe and chronic malnutrition.

Answer 8

Stunting

Question 9

A theory of human development that holds that irrational, unconscious drives and motivates, often originating in childhood, underlie human behavior.

Answer 9

Psychoanalytic theory

Question 10

A research design in which the same individuals are followed over time, as their development is repeatedly assessed.

Answer 10

Longitudinal research

Question 11

An organism’s entire genetic inheritance, or genetic potential.

Answer 11

Genotype

Question 12

Twins who are formed when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm roughly at the same time.

Answer 12

Dizygotic twins

Question 13

A biological mechanism that protects the brain when malnutrition disrupts body growth.

Answer 13

Head-sparing

Question 14

The tendency for children to be severely underweight for their age as a result of malnutrition.

Answer 14

Wasting

Question 15

In development, what includes all enviornmental influences that occur after conception, from the mother’s nutrition while pregnant to the culture of the nation.

Answer 15

Nurture

Question 16

People born within the same historical period who therefore move through life together, experiencing the same events, new technologies, and cultural shifts at the same ages.

Answer 16

Cohort

Question 17

A variation that makes a gene different in some way from other genes for the same characteristics.

Answer 17

Allele

Question 18

The chemical composition of the molecules that contain the genes, which are the chemical instructions for cells to manufacture various proteins.

Answer 18

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 19

A situation in which a seemingly healthy infant, usually between 2 and 6 months old, suddenly stops breathing and dies unexpectedly while asleep.

Answer 19

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Question 20

The process by which extra neurons and synaptic connections are eliminated in order to increase the efficiency of neuronal transmissions.

Answer 20

Synaptic pruning

Question 21

Any consequence that follows a behavior and makes a person or animal likely to repeat that behavior.

Answer 21

Reinforcement

Question 22

The science that seeks to understand how and why people of all ages and circumstances change or remain the same over time.

Answer 22

Science of human development

Question 23

This includes all the bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea and yeasts that live within the body.

Answer 23

Microbiome

Question 24

The age at which the fetus can survive outside the mother’s uterus if specialized medical care is available.

Answer 24

Age of viability

Question 25

This almond sized part of the brain registers positive and negative emotions.

Answer 25

Amygdala

Question 26

Physical abilities involving large body movements, like walking and jumping.

Answer 26

Gross motor skills

Question 27

What is the name of the theory that states that our thoughts shape our attitudes beliefs and behaviors.

Answer 27

Cognitive Theory

Question 28

What is the name of the theory that focuses on the evolution of humanity to explain our impulses and emotions.

Answer 28

Evolutionary Theory

Question 29

Twins that originate from one zygote that divided after fertilization.

Answer 29

Monozygotic

Question 30

Which pair of chromosomes determines gender?

Answer 30

The 23rd Pair

Question 31

A life threatening injury that results when an infant is forcefully shaken back and forth.

Answer 31

Shaken Baby Syndrome

Question 32

How many hours do newborns sleep in a day?

Answer 32

Between 15 to 17 hours

Question 33

A way to answer questions using empirical research and data-based conclusions is called what?

Answer 33

Scientific Method

Question 34

The influence of the genes that people inherit is called?

Answer 34

Nature

Question 35

What is a person’s actual appearance and behavior referred to when discussing genes?

Answer 35

Phenotype

Question 36

What is the percent of genetic code any human person shares with another?

Answer 36

99.5%

Question 37

What is the primary stress hormone produced by the body that regulates metabolism and immune response?

Answer 37

Cortisol

Question 38

What is the area at the very front of the brain that specializes in anticipation, planning, and impulse control?

Answer 38

Prefrontal cortex

Question 39

An agent that can impair prenatal development is called?

Answer 39

Teratogen

Question 40

What is the term for a baby with significantly low birthweight?

Answer 40

Small for gestational age (SGA)

Question 41

A stage of sleep causing flickering eyes behind the lids?

Answer 41

REM (rapid eye movement) sleep

Question 42

What is the learned ability to move a part of the body?

Answer 42

Motor Skill

Question 43

What is the ability to focus the two eyes to see one image?

Answer 43

Binocular Vision

Question 44

The processing of sensory information is called?

Answer 44

Perception

Question 45

A specific prediction that can be tested, and proven or disproved.

Answer 45

Hypothesis

Question 46

Who developed the cognitive theory?

Answer 46

Jean Piaget

Question 47

An imaging method used to produce pictures of a fetus (or an internal organ) via high-frequency sound waves.

Answer 47

Ultrasound or sonogram

Question 48

Consultation and testing by trained experts that enable individuals to learn about their genetic heritage, including harmful conditions that they might pass along to any children they may conceive.

Answer 48

Genetic Counseling

Question 49

A brain structure that is a central processor of memory, especially memory for locations.

Answer 49

Hypothalamus

Question 50

A condition in which a person does not consume sufficient food of any kind. This deprivation can result in several illnesses, sever weight loss, and even death.

Answer 50

Protein-calorie malnutrition

Question 51

What factors determine the socioeconomic status of a person in society?

Answer 51

Income, occupation, education, and place of residence

Question 52

What approach considers human development to be an ongoing, ever-changing interaction of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial factors?

Answer 52

Dynamic-systems approach

Question 53

The term that refers to two genes from the same pair that differ in some way.

Answer 53

heterozygous

Question 54

What is the name of the first two weeks of prenatal development, which are marked by rapid cell division and the start of cell differentiation? 

Answer 54

Germinal period

Question 55

What is the name of the great yet temporary increase in dendrites that form in an infant's brain during the first two years of life?

Answer 55

Transient exuberance

Question 56

What physical abilities do you have that involve small body movements, especially those involving your hands and fingers?

Answer 56

Fine Motor Skills

Question 57

Many people feel that they are stronger following the adversity and have more confidence in themselves and their capacities.

Answer 57

Post-traumatic Growth

Question 58

Accepting responsibility for solving a problem and developing a realistic action plan.

Answer 58

Functional Strategies

Question 59

Influence of genes we inherit.

Answer 59

Nature

Question 60

How environmental experiences differ because of particular inherited genes.

Answer 60

Differential Susceptibility

Question 61

XX sex

Answer 61

Girl

Question 62

How many chromosomes come from each parent?

Answer 62

23

Question 63

Fiber that extends from a neuron and transmits electrochemical impulses from that neuron to the dendrites of other neurons.

Answer 63

Axon

Question 64

One of billions of nerve cells in the central nervous system (CNS).

Answer 64

Neuron

Question 65

A theory that stresses the potential of all humans, who have the same basic needs, regardless of culture, gender, or background.

Answer 65

Humanism

Question 66

In an experiment (particularly within research strategies) what is the variable that is introduced to see what effect it has on the dependent variable? Also known as the experimental variable?

Answer 66

Independent Variable

Question 67

What weight is considered low birth weight?

Answer 67

A body weight at birth of less than 5 1/2 pounds

Question 68

The term where during pregnancy there was a lack of oxygen that, if prolonged, can cause brain damage or death

Answer 68

Anoxia

Question 69

The learned abilities to move some part of the body, in actions ranging from a large leap to a flicker of the eyelid.

Answer 69

Motor Skills

Question 70

A process that stimulates the body's immune system to defend against attack by a particular contagious disease.

Answer 70

Immunization

Question 71

Which condition processes the responses and are linked to particular stimuli?

Answer 71

Behaviorism

Question 72

Which condition is also known as "instrumental conditioning"?

Answer 72

Operant Conditioning

Question 73

How many base pairs of chromosomes are there in the DNA code for triplets.

Answer 73

3 Billion

Question 74

From zygote to newborn the first 2 weeks period is called what?

Answer 74

Germinal Period

Question 75

Binocular vision typically occurs in infants at what age?

Answer 75

2-4 months

Question 76

An idea where everything before the age of 3 is forgotten by people is called?

Answer 76

Infant amnesia

Question 77

Chemical messengers that send signals through neurons?

Answer 77

Neurotransmitters

Question 78

What is an infant born too early considered?

Answer 78

Premature

Question 79

The depression women can fall into after child birth.

Answer 79

Postpartum Depression

Question 80

The perception of body contact.

Answer 80

Sensation

Question 81

A naturally produced substance used to regulate the body.

Answer 81

Hormones

Question 82

The process of which the body is maturing.

Answer 82

Maturation