Human Reproduction

Question 1

Male reproductive system is located in the……..region

Answer 1

pelvis

Question 2

The scrotum helps in maintaining the low temperature of the testes………….lower than the normal internal body temperature necessary for spermatogenesis.

Answer 2

2–2.5o C

Question 3

testis is……..shape, with a length of about…….and a width of about……..

Answer 3

oval.
4 to 5 cm.
2 to 3 cm.

Question 4

Each testis has about…….. compartments called testicular lobules

Answer 4

250
These are protrusions of Tunica Albeugia

Question 5

Each lobule contains………highly coiled seminiferous tubules in which sperms are produced

Answer 5

one to three

Question 6

The male sex accessory ducts include……/……/……/……

Answer 6

rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis and vas deferens

Question 7

Sperm journey

Answer 7

Seminiferous tubules
Rete testis
Vasa efferentia
Epididymis (lct posterior surface of each testis)
Vas deferens (ascend to abdomen)
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra

Question 8

The enlarged end of penis called the glans penis is covered by a loose fold of skin called………

Answer 8

foreskin

Question 9

The male accessory glands include……/……/……

Answer 9

paired seminal vesicles,
a prostate and
paired bulbourethral glands

Question 10

Each ovary is about………..in length and is connected to the pelvic wall and uterus by……..

Answer 10

2 to 4 cm.
ligaments

Question 11

The……/……/……constitute the female accessory ducts.

Answer 11

oviducts (fallopian tubes), uterus and vagina

Question 12

Each fallopian tube is about……..long

Answer 12

10-12 cm

Question 13

Last part of the oviduct……..has a narrow lumen and it joins the uterus

Answer 13

isthmus

Question 14

cervical canal alongwith vagina forms the……….

Answer 14

birth canal

Question 15

The wall of the uterus has three layers of tissue:

Answer 15

perimetrium :external thin membranous,

myometrium :middle thick layer of smooth muscle, and

endometrium: inner glandular layer called

Question 16

The female external genitalia include……/……/……/……/……

Answer 16

mons pubis,
labia majora,
labia minora,
hymen and
clitoris

Question 17

The glandular tissue of each breast is divided into……… mammary lobes containing clusters of cells called…….

Answer 17

15-20

alveoli

Question 18

The spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa (sperms) by the process called……….

Answer 18

spermiogenesis

Question 19

After spermiogenesis, sperm heads become embedded in the Sertoli cells, and are finally released from the seminiferous tubules by the process called……….

Answer 19

spermiation

Question 20

The sperm………contains an elongated haploid nucleus

Answer 20

head

Question 21

The cap-like structure…………is filled with enzymes that help fertilisation of the ovum

Answer 21

acrosome

Question 22

The human male ejaculates about…………sperms during a coitus

Answer 22

200 to 300 million

Question 23

Normal fertility, at least………….% sperms must have normal shape and size and at least…….% of them must show vigorous motility.

Answer 23

60 per cent

40 per cent

Question 24

The functions of male sex accessory ducts and glands are maintained by the………….

Answer 24

testicular hormones

Question 25

At puberty only……………. primary follicles are left in each ovary.

Answer 25

60,000-80,000

Question 26

Tertiary follicle is characterised by a fluid filled cavity called………

Answer 26

antrum

Question 27

Statement 1:Primary oocyte within the tertiary follicle grows in size and completes its first meiotic division. Statement 2: It is an equal division resulting in the formation of a haploid secondary oocyte and a first polar body

Answer 27

Statement 1 is correct but 2 is incorrect Statement 2: It is an unequal division resulting in the formation of a large haploid secondary oocyte and a tiny first polar body

Question 28

Primary oocytes are temporarily arrested at…………stage of prophase 1

Answer 28

Diplotene

Question 29

Secondary oocyte is arrested at ………….. stage

Answer 29

Metaphase 2

Question 30

Mitotic division starts as the zygote moves through……….. called as………..

Answer 30

Isthmus Cleavage

Question 31

Embryo with 8 to 16 blastomeres is called…….

Answer 31

Morula

Question 32

After implantation finger like projections appear on ………… called …………..

Answer 32

Trophoblast Chorionic villi

Question 33

Structural and functional unit between developing embryo and maternal body is called………..

Answer 33

Placenta

Question 34

Statement 1: Placenta acts also as endocrine tissue Statement 2: It produces hCG, hPL and relaxin but no oestrogen

Answer 34

Statement 1 is correct and 2 is incorrect It secretes produces several hormones like human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human placental lactogen (hPL), estrogens, progestogens. It doesn’t secrete relaxin, in the later phase of pregnancy, a hormone called relaxin is also secreted by the ovary.

Question 35

Assertion: In addition, during pregnancy the levels of other hormones like estrogens, progestogens, cortisol, prolactin, thyroxine, etc., are increased several-folds in the maternal blood Reason: It is essential for supporting the fetal growth, metabolic changes in the mother and maintenance of pregnancy.

Answer 35

Both are true and R is correct explanation of A

Question 36

Parturition is induced by complex ……….. mechanism

Answer 36

Neuroendocrine

Question 37

Signals for parturition originate from………….. & ……….. which induce mild uterine contractions called……………

Answer 37

Fully developed foetus and placenta Foetal ejection reflex

Question 38

The uterine endometrium undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle. Estrogen secreted during the pre-ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle helps in the development of follicle. hCG secreted by trophoblast cells helps in maintaining corpus luteum.

Answer 38

Statements 1 and 3 are correct and 2 is incorrect

Question 39

Following are the data given. Which of the following show healthy values I: A count of 10 million sperms per ml of semen II:60 percent sperms have normal shape and size III: 60 percent sperms show vigorous motility

Answer 39

Statements 2 and 3 are correct

Question 40

Statement I: During the menstrual cycle, progesterone would be at its highest levels just prior to ovulation. Statement II:During the menstrual cycle, the endometrium would be at its thickest just after ovulation.

Answer 40

Both the statements are incorrect

Question 41

Mammary gland arrangement

Answer 41

Mammary lobe Alveoli Mammary tubules Mammary duct (tubules from each lobe join) Mammary ampulla Lactiferous duct (through this milk is sucked out)

Question 42

Primary oocyte is arrested at

Answer 42

Prophase I of meiosis in Diplotene stage

Question 43

Secondary oocyte is at

Answer 43

Metaphase II

Question 44

Antibody present in colostrum

Answer 44

IgA

Question 45

Clock of birth time

Answer 45

Corticotropin releasing hormone High secretion: premature delivery Low secretion: delayed delivery