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Biology Unit 3 Adv > Human Reproduction > Flashcards

Human Reproduction Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

To draw and label a diagram of the male reproductive system

A

Anki

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2
Q

To state the functions of the testis

A

Produced sperm

Produce testosterone

Mitosis takes place her at 35 degrees

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3
Q

To state the function of epididymis

A

Sperm mature in the epididymis and are stored here for 6 weeks.

If they are not released, they will be broken down under absorbed into the blood.

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4
Q

To state the function of sperm duct

A

Carries sperm to the urethra

The urethra takes sperm and urine out of the male body

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5
Q

To state the function of the associated glands

A

Prostate glands, seminal glands and cowpers glands Produce a liquid known as seminal fluids.

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6
Q

To state the function of seminal fluid for sperm

A

Seminal fluids provide nutrients and allow sperm to swim

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7
Q

To define semen

A

Seminal fluids provide nutrients and allow sperm to swim.

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8
Q

To state the function of the penis

A

Introduced sperm to the female body

Becomes erect when more blood flows into the Penistone than flows out

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9
Q

To draw and label a diagram of a sperm cell

A

Anki

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10
Q

To state the function of the acrosome flagellum and collar in the sperm

A

Acrosome
Contains digestive enzymes , so sperm can enter the egg

Nucleus
Contains twenty three chromosomes

Flagellum
Causes sperm to swim

Collar
Contained mitochondria

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11
Q

To describe why mitochondrial DNA is only inherited from our mother

A

Only.
The head of the sperm fuses with the egg
Mitochondrial d n a is found in only found in the collar of the sperm

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12
Q

To list the three hormones in the male reproductive system and state each hormones function

A

FHS
Folicle stimulating hormone
Made In the pituitary gland and causes the production of sperm by mitoses in the testis

LH
Luteinising hormones
Made in the pituitary gland And causes tested to produce testosterone.

TESTOSTERONE
Made in the testes
Causes primary male sex characteristics eg growth of Penis
Causes secondary male characteristics

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13
Q

To give a cause and corrective measure for male infertility

A

Low sperm count
Causes by Smoking , alcohol , annabella , steroids , low levels of hormones
Corrective measures
Changing diet , stop smoking and drinking , reducing stress levels

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14
Q

To draw and label a diagram of the female reproductive system

A

Anki

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15
Q

To state the function of the ovaries

A

Produce upload eggs by Meiosis
Produce female hormones

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16
Q

To state the function of the fallopian tube

A

The egg is fertilized in the fallopian tube

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17
Q

To state the function of the uterus

A

Inner lining of the uterus is called the endometrium helps nourish potential eggs

Contracts

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18
Q

To state the function of the vagina

A

AllOws entry of the sperm

Acts as an opening for the baby to be born

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19
Q

To state the length of the average menstrual cycle

A

28 days

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20
Q

To state the number of days sperm and eggs can survive for in the female body

A

3 days

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21
Q

To describe the events from days 1 -5 in the menstrual cycle

A

The lining of the uterus( endometrium)breaks down and is shed

Meiosis Producers a houpload egg in the ovary which will be surrounded by the graffian follicle

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22
Q

To describe the events from days 6 - 14 in the menstrual cycle

A

The graffian follicle produces oestrogen , which causes the endometrium to thicken

Oestrogen stops new eggs from developing

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23
Q

To describe the events on day 14 in the menstrual cycle

A

Ovulation takes place
The graffian follicle bursts so egg can be released

Egg is moved along the fallopian tube by muscular peristalsis

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24
Q

To describe the events from days 15 - 28 in the menstrual cycle

A

Graphyan follicle develops into the corpus luteum , which makes the hormone progesterone

Progesterone causes the endometrium to thicken further and prevents the uterus contractions

Progesterone also prevents new eggs from the developing

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25
To state the function of the Graafian follicle and corpus luteum
Graffian follicle produces oestrogen, which causes the endometrium to thicken Corpus Lithium makes the hormone progesterone
26
To state the function of FSH in the menstrual cycle
FHS Produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates eggs to develop and Be surrounded by the graphy and Folicle stimulates the production of oestrogen
27
To state the function of LH in the menstrual cycle
Produced by the pituitary gland and causes ovulation to occur Causes The graffian follicle to develop into the corpus luteum Stimulates production of progesterone and inhibits production oestrogen
28
To define the term primary sexual characteristic
Involved the growth of the sex organs
29
To define the term secondary sexual characteristic
The features that distinguish males from females apart from sex organs
30
To provide examples of secondary sexual characteristics in both males and females
Males Deep voice Hair Females Wider hips Breasts
31
To state a cause and corrective measure of female infertility
Cause Endocrine gland failure resulting in failure to ovulate due to hormone disorder Correctiv measure Hormonal injections, reducing stress, IVF
32
To name an example of a menstrual disorder
Fibroid Benign tumours of the uterus Cause May be due to responses to oestrogen levels Treatment Surgery or hysterectomy
33
To define insemination
When the semen is released into the vagina
34
To define fertilisation
The fusion of male and female committees to form a diploma zygote
35
To state reasons why some sperm mnay not reach the egg
Sperm can swim up the wrong fallopian tube White blood cells may attacked foreign sperm
36
To define implantation and state the days in which it normally occurs
The embedding of an embryo into the lining of the uterus It happen. S between sixty nine days after refertilization , in which the zygote has to be divided by mitosis to form an embryo
37
To describe the amnion
It is an membrane that surrounds the embryo that contains amniotic fluid This protects the embryro
38
To define in vitro fertilisation
Defusing of an egg and sperm outside the body Treats infertility
39
To state the two functions of the placenta
Placenta transfers gases , nutrient waste anti bodies hormones between mother and embryo Producers progesterone, which prevents the uterus from contracting.
40
41
To state the number of months in which the placenta becomes fully functional
3 months
42
To name the two different tissues from which the placenta develops from
Embryonic and Uterine tissue
43
To give two reasons why the blood from mother and embryo does not mix
May have different blood types May have different blood pressures
44
To state the function of the umbilical cord
Connect the embryo to the placenta at the navel Takes blood to Placenta and back to embryro
45
To name the type of cell division that results in a zygote developing into an embryo
Mitosis
46
To describe the formation of a morula
Zygote divides by mitosis to produce 2 cells, then 4, 8 cells. After 3 days a morula forms A solid clump of cells
47
To describe the formation of a blastocyst
After 5 days the modular continues to divide to a blastocyst A hollow ball of a few hundred cells
48
To define the term germ layer
Germ layers are basic layers of cells in the blastocyst Which Adult tissues and organs will form from
49
To list the three germ layers and give two examples of organs formed at each germ layer
Etroderm Skin nails hair nervous system Mesoderm Muscles, skeleton, excretion system, respiratory system Endoderm Inner lining of digestive system, respiratory excretory systems. Liver and pancreas
50
To detine the term gestation and note how long it takes in humans
The time spent in the uterus from fertilization to birth 38 weeks or 266 days
51
To state what happens to levels of progesterone when childbirth begins
Reduce, Placenta stops making progesterone , which causes the walls of the uterus to contract
52
To state what happens to levels of oxytocin when childbirth begins
The Pituitary gland also produces the hormone oxytocin Which causes contractions of the Uterine muscles
53
To describe in detail the steps involved in childbirth
Stage one Longest stage up to eleven hours Contraction of the uterus pushes the foetus towards the cervix A mucous plug closing the cervix is expelled Amniotic fluid is released Stage two Usually last over twenty minutes Cervix dilate Baby is pushed head first through the virgina Stage three Umbilical cord is clamped and then cut In the next 5 to twenty minutes , the uterus continues to contract to expel after birth placenta
54
To define the term lactation
The release of milk by mammary glands to the female
55
To provide three benefits of breastfeeding
Contains a large number of nutrients ( from colostrum) There is less risk of infections from micro organisms than from milk bottles Breast milk has a large number of antibodies which are essential in early baby development Helps reduce the risk of breast cancer Causes the uterus to contract and And may help her body to lose excess fat
56
To define the term contraception
Prevention of fertilisation
57
To list three examples of mechanical contraception
Sperm physically blocked Condoms, coil, diaphrams
58
To list an example of chemical contraception
Spermicides to kill sperm The pill Implant
59
To name one example of surgical contraception in males and females
Males Vasectomy Females Tying fallopian tubes
60
To state the advantages and disadvantages of surgical contraception
Advantage both are reliable Disadvantage both difficult to reverse

Biology Unit 3 Adv (7 decks)

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