Flashcards in Hutchinson: Cardiothoracic Cavity Deck (40):
1
What are the regions and sub regions of the mediastinum?
1. Superior Mediastinum (the danger space!)2. Inferior mediastinum a. anterior (thymus) b. middle (heart) c. posterior (Vessels, nerves, lymphatics etc...)
2
Where does the greater splanchnic nerve originate?
Lateral horn of T5-T9
3
Where does the splanchnic nerve synapse?
NOT in the T5-T9. They course down to abdomen and synapse with pre-aortic ganglia.
4
Where does the Lesser splanchnic nerve originate?
Lateral horn of T10-T11
5
Where does the least splanchnic nerve originate?
Lateral horn of T12
6
At what level of the spinal column does the azygos vein appear?
T4
7
Which part of the body is drained into the thoracic lymphatic duct?
All the body except right side of head, neck, chest and arm, which are drained by the right lymphatic duct.
8
At what vertebral level does the esophagus travel through the diaphragm?
T10
9
At what vertebral area does the trachea bifurcate?
T4
10
The right common carotid artery and the Right subclavian artery come together from what artery?
Brachiocephalic trunk
11
What is the serous membrane called on the outermost layer of the pericardial sac?
Fibrous pericardium
12
What is the serous membrane called on the innermost layer of the pericardial sac?
serous pericardium
13
The serous pericardium is composed of three layers. What are they?
From superficial to deep:1. Serous parietal pericardium2. Pericardial space3. Serous visceral pericardium
14
What is the other name for the right AV valve?
Tricuspid valve
15
What are the two other names for the Left AV valve?
Mitral valve or Bicuspid valve
16
What are the two valves connected to the left ventricle?
Aortic valve and Bicuspid valve
17
What two valves are connected to the right ventricle?
Pulmonary valve and tricuspid valve
18
What is the most anterior chamber of the heart?
right ventricle
19
What is the most medial chamber of the heart
Right atrium
20
What is the most posterior border of the heart?
Left atrium
21
What is the most lateral chamber of the heart?
Left ventricle
22
Which valves have chord tendinae and papillary muscles and which ones do not?
The AV valves have them and the aortic and pulmonary valves do not.
23
What is systole
Ventricular contraction
24
What is diastole?
Ventricular relaxation
25
What makes the LUB sound?
When the ventricles contract the AV valves close.
26
What makes the DUB sound?
When the ventricles relax, the pulmonary and aortic valves close passively by the returning pressure of blood in the exiting vessels.
27
Where do you place the stethoscope to auscultate the heart chambers?
by the sternal angle in between ribs 2 and 3. To the right thorax is the spot for aortic valve, the left is the pulmonary valve. in between 5 and 6 to the left is tricuspid valves and further left is the bicuspid valve. ALL PHYSICIANS TAKE BENJAMINS
28
Which coronary artery divides the right atrium from the right ventricle?
The right coronary artery
29
What arteries branch from the right coronary artery?
Right marginal artery and sometimes the posterior descending artery
30
If the PDA branches from the RCA, the heart is classified as
Right dominant
31
If the PDA branches from the LCA the heart is classified as...
Left dominant
32
What artery divides the left ventricle from the left atrium?
Left coronary artery
33
Which arteries branch off the LCA?
Left anterior descending artery or the anterior inter ventricular artery as well as the Left circumflex artery
34
How does the sympathetic innervation affect the coronary arteries?
It causes vasodilation
35
How does parasympathetic innervation affect the coronary arteries?
Vasoconstriction
36
What is the major cardia vein?
Coronary sinus
37
What feeds into the coronary sinus?
middle cardiac vein and the great cardiac vein
38
Which spinal levels innervate the heart sympathetically?
T1-T4
39
Which spinal nerves innervate the heart?
Cervical and thoracic sympathetic nerve?
40