hypertension

Question 1

what is hypertension

Answer 1

transitory and sustained elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure

Question 2

what is the prevalence of hypertension in uk

Answer 2

1/4 of people in the UK

Question 3

what are the consequences of untreated hypertension

Answer 3

increased afterload - resistance the ventricle has to overcome can lead to ventricular hypertrophy - which can lead to dysfunction of ventricular relaxation - HF
damaged endothelium predisposes to atherosclerosis
premature death due to heart disease, stroke, renal failure

Question 4

how is BP calculated

Answer 4

BP = CO x TPR
blood pressure can be increased due to an increase in either factor, typically TPR is increased
TPR increased by SNS activity

Question 5

how does sns affect TPR

Answer 5

increase in SNS leads to vasocontriction and increase in TPR

Question 6

how does muscle contraction affect TPR

Answer 6

metabolites released by contracting muscles stimulate vasodilation and reduce TPR

Question 7

how does exercise training affect hypertension

Answer 7

associated with decreased plasma NE leading to decreased BP

increased insulin sensitivity - insulin stimulates hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle