Hypertension Pharm Flashcards
What do anithypertensive drugs aim to do?
- Reduce cardiac output
- Reduce plasma volume
- Reduce peripheral resistance.
What do diuretics do? Result and overall effect?
Decrease plasma and extracellular fluid volumes. .
-Decreased preload, cardiac output, and total periopheral resistance. Overall decreases workload of the heart and decreases bp.
What do -azides do?
Increase Na+ and fluid loss to decrease plasma volume.
What do ACE inhibitors do? Example drugs?
Prevent sodium and water resorption by inhibiting aldosterone secretion. Anything with pril (lisinopril, enalaprilat).
What do Angiotensin II REceptor Blockers (ARBs) Do? Example drugs?
Potent vasodilators, decrease systemic vascular resistance (afterload.
-Anything with -sartan (losartan, valsartan).
What do Beta-Blockers do? Example drugs?
Block beta-adrenergic receptors–>decrease sympathetic stimulation of heart–>lower cardiac output.
Anything with -olol.
What are alpha adrenergic receptor antagonists? Examples?
A1 selective antagonist to prevent vasoconstriction and treat hypertension.
-Anything with -osin.
What are some examples of Ca++ channel blockers? What do they do?
- Verapamil, Diltiazem, Nifedipine.
- Block smooth muscle contraction–> Vasodilation–>Lower BP.
What are Hypertensive emergency drugs?
- Nitroglycerine
- Nitroprusside
- Hydralazine
- Fenoldopam
- Labetalol
What are drug examples of Pulmonary hypertension?
- Epoprostenol
- Bosentan, Ambrisentan
- Sildenafil, Tadalafil.
What is Warfarin? Mechanism?
- Anticoagulant
- Inhibits vit K dependent synthesis of clotting factors.
What is Heparin? Mechanism?
- Anticoagulant
- Stimulates antithrombin III.
What are examples of low molecular weight heparins? Mechanism?
- Anything with -parin (dalteparin).
- Stimulates antithrombin III.
What is Fondaparinux? Mech?
- Anticoagulant
- Binds to antithrombin III
What are examples of anti plalet drugs?
Aspirin, Dipyramidole
