Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuroendocrine > Hypothalamus and Limbic System > Flashcards

Hypothalamus and Limbic System Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Where is the hypothalamus?

A

Inferior to the thalamus and forms the walls and floor of the 3rd ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What part of the brain is the hypothalamus a part of anatomically?

A

Diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are a few of the main functions of the hypothalamus?

A
  • Regulates basic drives, emotional and affective behavior

- Regulates homeostasis, ANS and endocrine function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is anterior to the hypothalamus?

A

Optic chiasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Via the infundibular stalk, what is the hypothalamus continuous with?

A

Posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are 3 anatomical parts of the hypothalamus?

A

Mammillary bodies, Tuber Cinereum and Median Eminence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What divides the hypothalamus into functional medial and lateral zones?

A

Fornix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are most of the hypothalamic nuclei located?

A

In the medial zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the functional areas in the medial zone of the hypothalamus?

A

Anterior area
Middle/Tuberal area
Posterior area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the nuclei of the anterior area of the medial zone of the hypothalamus?

A

Preoptic and Anterior nuclei
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Supraoptic nucleus
Paraventricular nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function of preoptic and anterior nuclei?

A

Heat loss; temp. regulation

Sleep and parasympathetic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Function of suprachiasmatic nucleus?

A

Circadian rhythms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Function of supraoptic nucleus?

A

Secretes hormones (oxytocin and anti-diuretic hormone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Function of paraventricular nucleus?

A

Secretes hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the nuclei of the middle area of the medial zone of the hypothalamus?

A

Dorsomedial nucleus
Ventromedial nucleus
Arcuate nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of dorsomedial nucleus?

A

Emotional behavior and role in circadian rhythms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of ventromedial nucleus?

A

Inhibits eating and drinking (satiety)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Function of arcuate nucleus?

A

Secretes releasing/inhibiting hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the nuclei of the posterior area of the medial zone of the hypothalamus?

A

Posterior nucleus and mammillary nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Function of the posterior nucleus?

A

Heat gain; cold temp response

Wakefulness and sympathetic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Function of mammillary nucleus?

A

Memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The lateral zone/nuclei of the hypothalamus is primarily involved in?

A

Initiating eating and drinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the blood supply to the thalamus?

Study These Flashcards
A

Perforating arteries of the Circle of Willis

24
Q

What are some of the hypothalamic afferents?

Study These Flashcards
A

Fornix
Stria terminals and ventral amygdalofugal fibers
Corticohypothalamic input
Retinohypothalamic fibers

25
Path of fornix?
Goes from hippocampal fibers to mammillary bodies
26
What do retinohypothalamic fibers target?
SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus)
27
What are some 2-way hypothalamic efferent/afferent pathways?
Median Forebrain Bundle (MFB) | Dorsal Longitudinal Fasiculus (DLF)
28
Where do some hypothalamic efferents descend to?
PAG (periaquaductal gray) | RF (reticular formation)
29
What are the main descending efferents from hypothalamus?
Medial zone and mammillary bodies
30
What are some ascending hypothalamic efferents?
Hypothalamocortial fibers Mammillothalamic tract - goes to thalamus Lateral zone - goes to thalamus
31
Anterior area of the hypothalamus regulates ______
Parasympathetic activity
32
Posterior area of the hypothalamus regulates _______
Sympathetic activity
33
What is essential for timing of rest and activity and has cells that maintain 24 hours of transcriptional control over circadian genes?
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
34
Connections influence behavior, memory and pain perception
Limbic system
35
Anatomical basis for emotional, drive-related, and motivated aspects of behavior
Hypothalamus + limbic system
36
What is the hippocampal formation important for?
Learning and memory
37
What does the hippocampal formation consist of?
Subiculum, hippocampus proper (ammon horn), Dentate gyrus
38
Where is the parahippocampal gyrus?
Cortex overlying hippocampal formation
39
Afferent path of the hippocampal formation?
Dentate gryus - > CA3 -> CA1 - > Subiculum
40
Efferent path of the hippocampal formation?
Fibers from the subiculum and hippocampus proper bundle to form the fimbria -> FORNIX
41
What is an uncal herniation?
Movement of uncus and maybe parahippocampal gyrus down over edge of tentorium cerebelli that will compress midbrain/brainstem
42
Signs of an uncal herniation?
Dilated pupil, weakness of opposite extremity, respiration affected and abnormal reflexes
43
What is Korsakoff's syndrome?
Degeneration of mammillary bodies, hippocampal complex and thalamic DM nucleus due to thiamine deficiency associated with chronic alcoholism
44
Signs of Korsakoff's syndrome?
Patients have severe difficulty learning new tasks and forming long term memories - pts will CONFABULATE
45
Confabulate?
Combine fragmented memories into a synthesized "event" that never happened Seen in Korsakoff's patients
46
What causes hippocampal amnesia?
Bilateral lesions of hippocampi
47
Signs of hippocampal amnesia?
Deficit in episodic memory (cannot learn new material) but spared procedural and working memory with a normal IQ
48
Loss of smell
Anosmia
49
Distortion of smell when no odor present
Phantosmia
50
Attaches emotional significance to a stimulus
Amygdala
51
What causes Kluver-bucy syndrome?
Bilateral lesions that abolish amygdala
52
What are some symptoms of Kluver-Bucy syndrome?
``` Visual agnosia Hyperorality Placidity Hyperphagia Hypersexuality ```
53
Important in reward and motivation
Ventral tegmental area
54
Important in reward/pleasure and controls rage behavior
Septal nuclei
55
Behaviors related to addiction and chronic pain
Nucleus Accumbens
56
What describes emotional experiences that involve reactions between diencephalon and cortex?
Papez circuit
57
Papez circuit
Loop including: | Hippocampus, mammillary bodies, thalamus anterior nuclei, cingulate cortex

Neuroendocrine (47 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions