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Sophomore - Pharm test 3 > Hypothalamus And Pituitary > Flashcards

Hypothalamus And Pituitary Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Growth-hormone releasing hormone causes release of?

A

Growth Hormone (somatotropin)

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2
Q

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone causes release of?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

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3
Q

Corticiotropin releasing hormone causes release of?

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

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4
Q

Gonadotropin releasing hormone causes release of?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone AND luteinizing hormone

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5
Q

Growth hormone inhibiting hormone is also called?

A

Somatostatin

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6
Q

Prolactin inhibiting hormone is called?

A

Dopamine

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7
Q

Growth hormone (somatotropin) effects:

A

Liver, muscle, bone, kidney - IGF-1

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8
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone effects:

A

Thyroid

T3, T4

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9
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone effects:

A

Adrenal cortex

Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens

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10
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone and lutenizing hormone effects?

A

Gonads

Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone

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11
Q

Vasopressin (ADH) - effects?

A

Kidney

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12
Q

Oxytocin - effects?

A

Uterus, breast

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13
Q

Clinical use for Corticotropin Releasing Hormone?

A

Diagnostic - differentiate between Cushing’s Disease (pituitary problem) and ectopic production of ACTH

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14
Q

Synthetic analogues of GnRH - MOA?

A

Sustained non-pulsatile administration results in suppression of ovarian and testicular steriodogenesis due to decreased LH and FSH

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15
Q

GnRH analogues - clinical use?

A
  1. In pulses, treats infertility (rare)
  2. Inhibit precocious puberty
  3. Prostate CA tx
  4. Endometriosis
  5. Uterine fibroids
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16
Q

In men, LH stimulates _____ cells of the testes, causing release of _______.

A

Leydig’s

Testosterone

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17
Q

What circulating hormone promotes the growth of existing prostate CA:

A

Testosterone

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18
Q

Gonadorelin - MOA and notable features

A

Synthetic GnRH - for veterinarian use ONLY

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19
Q

Goserelin - MOA and use?

A

Synthetic GnRH, monthly implant

Prostate CA
Endometriosis

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20
Q

Leuprolide - MOA and use?

A

Synthetic GnRH, SubQ injections

Prostate CA
Endometriosis

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21
Q

Nafarelin - MOA and use?

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A

Synthetic GnRH nasal spray

Central Precocious Puberty

22
Q

GnRH (synthetic) - clinical uses?

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A
  1. Prostate CA
  2. Endometriosis
  3. Precocious puberty
23
Q

Ganirelix and Cetrorelix - MOA and use?

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A

GnRH receptor antagonists, inhibits premature LH surges in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation procedures

24
Q

Degarelix - MOA and use?

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A

GnRH receptor antagonist (acts on pituitary, prevents release of LH/FSH)

Inhibits stimulation of Leydig cells, preventing testosterone release, to treat advanced prostate CA

25
What is acromegaly?
Adenoma causing increased secretion of growth hormone
26
Octreotide - MOA and use?
Somatostatin - blocks growth hormone secretion, inhibits insulin, glucagon, and gastrin secretion Acromegaly, esophageal varices bleeding
27
Lanreotide - MOA and use?
Synthetic Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone (Somatostatin) blocks growth hormone secretion, also inhibits insulin, glucagon, and gastrin secretion Acromegaly only
28
Pegvisomant - MOA and use?
Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonist Blocks growth hormone receptors on cell surfaces, decreased IGF-1 Acromegaly
29
Prader-Willi Syndrome - treated with?
Growth hormone
30
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (Cosyntropin) - clinical use?
Differentiate between primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s Disease) and secondary adrenal insufficiency caused by inadequate ACTH secretion (pituitary disorder)
31
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone - clinical use in women?
Ovulation induction
32
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) - clinical use in men?
Treat male infertility (induce spermatogenesis)
33
Hyperprolactinemia caused by deficiency of?
Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (Dopamine)
34
Tx for hyperprolactinemia?
Dopamine (D2) Agonists Bromocriptine Cabergoline
35
Bromocriptine - class and use?
Dopamine (D2) agonist Tx of hyperprolactinemia
36
Cabergoline - class and use?
Dopamine (D2) agonist Tx of hyperprolactinemia
37
What is the target organ of ADH?
The kidney
38
Vasopressin - MOA?
Increased water resorption in the collecting ducts Vasoconstriction effects, as well
39
Vasopressin - clinical use?
Diabetes insipidus Esophageal varices Management of vasodilatory shock
40
Desmopressin - MOA?
Synthetic analogue of vasopressin WAY stronger than vasopressin
41
Desmopressin - use? (*DIHANE)
1. (DI) Diabetes insipidus 2. (HA)Control of bleeding associated with hemophilia A and von Willebrand’s disease 3. (NE) Nocturnal enuresis
42
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) - describe
1. Inability to suppress secretion of ADH | 2. Hyponatremia/Hypo-osmolality (too much H2O retention)
43
In SIADH, why does hyponatremia happen?
Too much H2O, NOT a sodium deficiency
44
Treatment of SIADH - emergent?
Raise serum sodium to correct hyponatremia Loop diuretics ADH antagonists Water restriction
45
Treatment of SIADH - chronic?
Fluid restriction Vasopressin-2 receptor antagonists
46
Conivaptan - MOA and use?
V1 and V2 (Vasopressin) receptor antagonist Tx of hypervolemic hyponatremia in SIADH
47
Tolvaptan - MOA and use?
V1 and V2 (Vasopressin) receptor antagonist HIGHER AFFINITY FOR V2 Approved for SIADH AND HF
48
Conivaptan - black box?
Must be administered in hospital - risk of osmotic demyelination of correction of hyponatremia is too rapid NOT for HF
49
Oxytocin - clinical use?
1. Stimulate lactation 2. Induce labor 3. Postpartum hemorrhage
50
Metoclopramide - MOA and use?
Dopamine antagonist Off-label to stimulate lactation in women
51
Clinical use for Somatotropin?
Growth deficiencies

Sophomore - Pharm test 3 (7 decks)

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