What is the most common source of Fluoride on the earth?
NaF
What is the industrial form of Fluoride?
Na2PO3F
Advantages of Water Fluoridation. 2
- Very Easy method
- Very Low cost
% of caries reduction using professionally applied fluorides
20-40%
What is the highest concentration of F in toothpaste that can be prescribed to an adult?
5000ppm
Amelogenesis definition
Enamel Formation
When does F deposit in enamel
During initial precipitation and growth of apatite crystals
Pre-Eruptive Effects of F
- Improve Crystallinity
- Increase crystal size
- Decrease Acid Solubility
- More rounded cusps
- Improve fissure pattern
Post-Eruptive Effects of F
- Inhibit Demineralisation
- Promote Remineralisation of early caries
- Increase the degree of remineralisation
- Increase the speed of remineralisation
- Inhibit glycolysis in cariogenic bacteria -> decrease in acid production in plaque
- Fluoride in plaque inhibit the synthesis of extracellular bacteria
How long after consumption will the fluoride level peak in blood?
1 Hour
What is formed at high concentrations of F-?
CaF2 on tooth surface
- Acts as a reservoir of F- when pH drops to 4-5
Oral symptoms of Vitamin B deficiency?
- Pale lips
- Loss of epithelium on lips or tongue
- Local Inflammation
- Pale appearance of mucosa
Oral symptoms of Vitamin C deficiency?
- Swelling and redness of interdental papillae
- Purplish inflammation and loss of epithelium
- Weakened the periodontal ligament
Oral symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency?
- Hyperkeratosis in Mucosa
- Hyperplasia of salivary glands
- Reduced salivary flow
Oral symptoms of Vitamin D deficiency?
- Wide zone of predentine
- Irregular border of predentine
- Thin dentine with more interlobular dentine
Symptoms of Vitamin K deficiency?
Failure to clot blood
Symptoms of Calcium and Phosphate deficiency?
- Poor calcification of teeth
- Osteoporotic changes
Symptoms of Magnesium deficiency?
Susceptible to dental caries
Functions of Saliva 5
- Neutralises organic acids
- Inhibits demineralisation/ enhances remineralisation
- Recycles ingested fluoride into the mouth
- Discourage bacterial growth
- Proteins sustain enamel surface
What does Ca2+ prevent?
- Dissolution of teeth at acidic pH
- Calculus formation at normal pH
What is a Saliva highway?
Saliva flow is greater and faster
What is a Salivary byway?
Saliva flow is lesser and slower
Where is plaque more cavity causing?
Salivary byways
