Immediate Memory (EXAM 1)

Question 1

Short-term memory (STM)

Answer 1

Holding place for information that is currently being attended to

Question 2

What are the 2 defining characteristics of short-term memory?

Answer 2

Short duration + small capacity

Question 3

Rehearsal

Answer 3

Repeating info to maintain it in STM (without rehearsal, about 10% of people can remember one trigram after just 20 seconds

Question 4

T/F: Short-term memory is unlimited in duration

Answer 4

FALSE! Short-term memory is limited in duration

Question 5

T/F: Without rehearsal, information quickly disappears from STM

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

Decay

Answer 6

Information fades over time

Question 7

Chunking

Answer 7

Well-learned, meaningful unit of information (chunking can increase the number of things currently held in STM)

Question 8

T/F: Modal model assumes that everything you’ve ever learned is held in LTM forever

Answer 8

TRUE!

Question 9

Interference

Answer 9

Other information gets in the way

Question 9

Modal Model is made up of what two concepts

Answer 9

Primacy and recency effects

Question 10

Fill in the blank: Information is held in short-term memory ___ ___, we forget it because ___

Answer 10

(1) very briefly (2) decay

Question 11

Fill in the blank: Information is held in long-term memory ____, we forget it because ___

Answer 11

(1) indefinitely (2) interference

Question 12

Primacy effect

Answer 12

Early words are remembered well; Rehearsed the items, so they were transferred to LTM

Question 13

Recency effect

Answer 13

Later words are remembered well; Items dumped from STM

Question 14

T/F: Serial position curve is evidence for separate STM and LTM stores

Answer 14

TRUE!

Question 15

T/F: Embedded-Process model says that STM and LTM are distinct systems

Answer 15

FALSE! It says that STM and LTM are not distinct systems

Question 16

T/F: Embedded-Process model says that everything is stored indefinitely

Answer 16

TRUE!

Question 17

T/F: Embedded-Process model says that the sole cause of forgetting is interference

Answer 17

TRUE!

Question 18

Working memory

Answer 18

Highly related to things like selective attention, problem solving, reading comprehension, academics, etc.

Question 19

What is the definition of working memory ACCORDING TO THE MULTI-COMPONENT MODEL

Answer 19

A multi-component system that holds info temporarily and mediates its use in ongoing mental activities

Question 20

Visuo-spatial sketch pad

Answer 20

Memory store for visual and spatial info

Question 20

Phonological loop

Answer 20

Memory store for verbal information

Question 21

Central Executive

Answer 21

Coordinates processing within and across stores

Question 22

Irrelevant speech effect

Answer 22

Any spoken stimulus will interfere with current processing of other verbal information

Question 23

Definition of working memory ACCORDING TO STORAGE AND PROCESSING MODEL

Answer 23

Combination of temporary storage and the processing that acts upon it

Question 24

Content-embedded tasks

Answer 24

Working memory tasks that require you told hold + process the same content

Question 25

Why does some data show that content-embedded tasks are better than complex span tasks for predicting complex cognition?

Answer 25

Manipulating the same info that you’re also supposed to recall (unlike OSPAN where you’re manipulating different than what you’re recalling