immune response

Question 1

role of primary lymphoid tissue

Answer 1

bone marrow and thymus which produce both B and T cells

Question 2

role of secondary lymphoid tissue

Answer 2

lymph nodes and spleen which is where B and T cells search for matching antigen

Question 3

MHC

Answer 3

genes that code for proteins that help immune system recognize foreign substances

Question 4

why are HLA so unique

Answer 4

random assortment of allotypes

Question 5

location and role of MHC 1

Answer 5

found on all nucleated cells, functions as identifying factor (shows its not mutated, tumor, etc.) leads to cell killing

Question 6

location and role of MHC 2

Answer 6

found on antigen presenting cells and leads to antibody production

Question 7

immune response women vs men

Answer 7

women have stronger immune response thought to be because they need to protect the fetus

Question 8

Site of B cell development

Answer 8

produced in bone marrow where they are undergo genetic rearrangement and reactivity tests, then second lymphoid tissue

Question 9

site of T cell developmetn

Answer 9

produced in bone marrow, then go to thymus for maturation and genetic rearrangement, then second lymphoid tissue

Question 10

3 types of antigen presenting cells

Answer 10

B cell, Macrophages, and dendritic cells

Question 11

Macrophages expression

Answer 11

presents processed antigens via MHC II

Question 12

Dendritic cells expression

Answer 12

presents processed antigens via MHC I and II

Question 13

structure and function of TCRs

Answer 13

heterodimer with alpha and beta chain connected by disulfide bond
its function is to bind to antigens

Question 14

how does human genome code for antibodies and TCRs specific to an almost infinite number of immunogens

Answer 14

idiotypic determinants

Question 15

role of T cells in body

Answer 15

helper: recognize specific antigens –> MHC 1
cytotoxic: recognize specific antigen –> MHC 2
regulatory: suppress self reactivity

Question 16

CD4 T cells vs CD8 T cells

Answer 16

CD4 = helper
CD8 = cytotoxic (killer)

Question 17

interaction between CD4 and MHC 2

Answer 17

when MHC 2 molecule on APC will present antigen to CD4 which will drive antibody production and cellular response

Question 18

interaction between CD8 and MHC1

Answer 18

when MHC 1 molecule on APC will present antigen to CD8 which will end up killing cell

Question 19

Th1 role

Answer 19

faciliates cell mediated immune response

Question 20

Th2 role

Answer 20

facilitate humoral immune response

Question 21

interlukin 12

Answer 21

increase growth and activity of b and T cells

Question 22

NK cells vs CD8

Answer 22

innate and do not require MHC 1 to kill (no TCR)

Question 23

NK cells

Answer 23

MHC 1 receptor inhibits NK cell activity and tells it not to kill

Question 24

T dependent vs independent response

Answer 24

D: T cell is required to stimulate antibody production
I: formation of antibodies without T cell (signal comes from antigen)

Question 25

B cell surface markers

Answer 25

IgG and IgM are both present as receptors on B cell surface

Question 26

role of CD28 and B7

Answer 26

when these interact, it activates the second signal in the T-cell dependent response

Question 27

Maturation and differentiation of T and B cells

Answer 27

B cells will undergo VDJ and mature to either a plasma cell (antibodies) or memory cell (amnestic response

Question 28

memory cells

Answer 28

responsible for anmestic response; they do not product antibodies, they already carry them on surface

Question 29

redunancy

Answer 29

many cytokines have the same function

Question 30

synergy

Answer 30

two cytokines working together speeds the effect

Question 31

antagonism

Answer 31

one cytokine will block the other to slow effect

Question 32

types of change cytokines can trigger

Answer 32

cell proliferation (cloning) differentiation (irreversible change in function) transient gene activity (reversible change in function)